A Case Study for Practical Issues of DCT Based Bitmap Selective Encryption Methods

Han Qiu; Nathalie Enfrin; Gerard Memmi

doi:10.1109/SSIC.2018.8556828

A Case Study for Practical Issues of DCT Based Bitmap Selective Encryption Methods

Han Qiu, Nathalie Enfrin, Gerard Memmi

CNRS LTCI

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

Selective Encryption (SE) methods are mainly used for protecting multimedia contents. One approach, DCT based SE methods, is exploited for image protection especially bitmap protection use case in many previous works. The special focus of our investigation is looking into two main practical issues ignored by existing DCT based SE methods: rounding errors and recovery from non-selected DCT coefficients. In this paper, we re-implement previous work and present the issue or rounding errors with a practical implementation. According to our work, the rounding errors due to truncation operations inside the DCT based SE cannot be ignored although multimedia contents can tolerate some level of noise introduced. Also, we improved recovery methods that can recover visual elements of an image by guessing the DC coefficients from only a small set of known high frequency AC coefficients. It is shown that some published DCT based SE methods are not reliable for a high level of protection purpose even they protect low frequency coefficients representing 99% of the energy in frequency domain.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2018 3rd International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications, SSIC 2018 - Proceedings
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
ISBN (Electronic)	9781538681879
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/SSIC.2018.8556828
Publication status	Published - 3 Dec 2018
Externally published	Yes
Event	3rd International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications, SSIC 2018 - Shanghai, China Duration: 18 Oct 2018 → 19 Oct 2018

Publication series

Name	2018 3rd International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications, SSIC 2018 - Proceedings

Conference

Conference	3rd International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications, SSIC 2018
Country/Territory	China
City	Shanghai
Period	18/10/18 → 19/10/18

Keywords

DCT
Image recovery
Selective encryption
bitmap

Access to Document

10.1109/SSIC.2018.8556828

Cite this

Qiu, H., Enfrin, N., & Memmi, G. (2018). A Case Study for Practical Issues of DCT Based Bitmap Selective Encryption Methods. In 2018 3rd International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications, SSIC 2018 - Proceedings Article 8556828 (2018 3rd International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications, SSIC 2018 - Proceedings). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/SSIC.2018.8556828

Qiu, Han ; Enfrin, Nathalie ; Memmi, Gerard. / A Case Study for Practical Issues of DCT Based Bitmap Selective Encryption Methods. 2018 3rd International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications, SSIC 2018 - Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018. (2018 3rd International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications, SSIC 2018 - Proceedings).

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title = "A Case Study for Practical Issues of DCT Based Bitmap Selective Encryption Methods",

abstract = "Selective Encryption (SE) methods are mainly used for protecting multimedia contents. One approach, DCT based SE methods, is exploited for image protection especially bitmap protection use case in many previous works. The special focus of our investigation is looking into two main practical issues ignored by existing DCT based SE methods: rounding errors and recovery from non-selected DCT coefficients. In this paper, we re-implement previous work and present the issue or rounding errors with a practical implementation. According to our work, the rounding errors due to truncation operations inside the DCT based SE cannot be ignored although multimedia contents can tolerate some level of noise introduced. Also, we improved recovery methods that can recover visual elements of an image by guessing the DC coefficients from only a small set of known high frequency AC coefficients. It is shown that some published DCT based SE methods are not reliable for a high level of protection purpose even they protect low frequency coefficients representing 99\% of the energy in frequency domain.",

keywords = "DCT, Image recovery, Selective encryption, bitmap",

author = "Han Qiu and Nathalie Enfrin and Gerard Memmi",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 IEEE.; 3rd International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications, SSIC 2018 ; Conference date: 18-10-2018 Through 19-10-2018",

year = "2018",

month = dec,

day = "3",

doi = "10.1109/SSIC.2018.8556828",

language = "English",

series = "2018 3rd International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications, SSIC 2018 - Proceedings",

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Qiu, H, Enfrin, N & Memmi, G 2018, A Case Study for Practical Issues of DCT Based Bitmap Selective Encryption Methods. in 2018 3rd International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications, SSIC 2018 - Proceedings., 8556828, 2018 3rd International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications, SSIC 2018 - Proceedings, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 3rd International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications, SSIC 2018, Shanghai, China, 18/10/18. https://doi.org/10.1109/SSIC.2018.8556828

A Case Study for Practical Issues of DCT Based Bitmap Selective Encryption Methods. / Qiu, Han; Enfrin, Nathalie; Memmi, Gerard.
2018 3rd International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications, SSIC 2018 - Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018. 8556828 (2018 3rd International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications, SSIC 2018 - Proceedings).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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AU - Qiu, Han

AU - Enfrin, Nathalie

AU - Memmi, Gerard

PY - 2018/12/3

Y1 - 2018/12/3

N2 - Selective Encryption (SE) methods are mainly used for protecting multimedia contents. One approach, DCT based SE methods, is exploited for image protection especially bitmap protection use case in many previous works. The special focus of our investigation is looking into two main practical issues ignored by existing DCT based SE methods: rounding errors and recovery from non-selected DCT coefficients. In this paper, we re-implement previous work and present the issue or rounding errors with a practical implementation. According to our work, the rounding errors due to truncation operations inside the DCT based SE cannot be ignored although multimedia contents can tolerate some level of noise introduced. Also, we improved recovery methods that can recover visual elements of an image by guessing the DC coefficients from only a small set of known high frequency AC coefficients. It is shown that some published DCT based SE methods are not reliable for a high level of protection purpose even they protect low frequency coefficients representing 99% of the energy in frequency domain.

AB - Selective Encryption (SE) methods are mainly used for protecting multimedia contents. One approach, DCT based SE methods, is exploited for image protection especially bitmap protection use case in many previous works. The special focus of our investigation is looking into two main practical issues ignored by existing DCT based SE methods: rounding errors and recovery from non-selected DCT coefficients. In this paper, we re-implement previous work and present the issue or rounding errors with a practical implementation. According to our work, the rounding errors due to truncation operations inside the DCT based SE cannot be ignored although multimedia contents can tolerate some level of noise introduced. Also, we improved recovery methods that can recover visual elements of an image by guessing the DC coefficients from only a small set of known high frequency AC coefficients. It is shown that some published DCT based SE methods are not reliable for a high level of protection purpose even they protect low frequency coefficients representing 99% of the energy in frequency domain.

KW - DCT

KW - Image recovery

KW - Selective encryption

KW - bitmap

U2 - 10.1109/SSIC.2018.8556828

DO - 10.1109/SSIC.2018.8556828

M3 - Conference contribution

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BT - 2018 3rd International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications, SSIC 2018 - Proceedings

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

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ER -

Qiu H, Enfrin N, Memmi G. A Case Study for Practical Issues of DCT Based Bitmap Selective Encryption Methods. In 2018 3rd International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications, SSIC 2018 - Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2018. 8556828. (2018 3rd International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications, SSIC 2018 - Proceedings). doi: 10.1109/SSIC.2018.8556828

A Case Study for Practical Issues of DCT Based Bitmap Selective Encryption Methods

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