A comparative study on nanoinclusion effect of MoS₂ nanosheets and MoS₂ quantum dots on fracture toughness and interfacial properties of epoxy composites

Although the reinforcement effect of molybdenum sulfide (MoS₂) nanosheets (MNSs) on the mechanical properties of epoxy (EP) composites has been extensively studied. However, the effect of MoS₂ quantum dots (MQDs) on the mechanical properties of EP composites and comparing them with MNSs has not yet been reported. In this study, we exfoliated bulk MoS₂ into MNSs and MQDs and used them as reinforcement materials to fabricate a series of high-performance EP composites. The results demonstrate that MQDs remarkably enhanced the fracture toughness (55–81%), flexural strength (25–66%), modulus (0.7–6%), impact strength (31–118%), and interfacial interactions (surface free energies: 1–21%) compared to neat EP and reinforcement with MNSs at the same additive amount. The superior performance of the EMQD composites over their EMNS counterparts can be attributed to the smaller size (<5 nm) and dimensions of the MQDs that resulted in their excellent dispersion and better interfacial interactions with the EP matrix, enabling them to successfully fill the free volume and cavities that resulted in improved mechanical and interfacial properties. We believe that MQDs are the starting point for new and more sophisticated multifunctional composites with a wide variety of polymer resins.