An implicit-based haptic rendering technique

We present a novel haptic rendering technique. Building on previous work, we propose a haptic model based on a volumetric description of the geometry of an object. Unlike previous volumetric approaches, we also find a virtual contact point on the surface in order to derive a penalty force that is consistent with the real geometry of the object, without introducing force discontinuity. We also demonstrate that other surface properties such as friction and texture can be added elegantly. The resulting technique is fast (a constant 1000 Hz refresh rate) and can handle large geometry models on low-end computers.