Bijective counting of plane bipolar orientations and Schnyder woods

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Abstract

A bijection Φ is presented between plane bipolar orientations with prescribed numbers of vertices and faces, and non-intersecting triples of upright lattice paths with prescribed extremities. This yields a combinatorial proof of the following formula due to Baxter for the number Θi j of plane bipolar orientations with i non-polar vertices and j inner faces: Θi j = 2 frac((i + j) ! (i + j + 1) ! (i + j + 2) !, i ! (i + 1) ! (i + 2) ! j ! (j + 1) ! (j + 2) !) . In addition, it is shown that Φ specializes into the bijection of Bernardi and Bonichon between Schnyder woods and non-crossing pairs of Dyck words. This is the extended and revised journal version of a conference paper with the title "Bijective counting of plane bipolar orientations", which appeared in Electr. Notes in Discr. Math. pp. 283-287 (Proceedings of Eurocomb'07, 11-15 September 2007, Sevilla).

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1646-1658
Number of pages13
JournalEuropean Journal of Combinatorics
Volume30
Issue number7
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jan 2009

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