Boundary local time on wedges and prefractal curves

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Abstract

We investigate the boundary local time on polygonal boundaries such as finite generations of the Koch snowflake. To reveal the role of angles, we first focus on wedges and obtain the mean boundary local time, its variance, and the asymptotic behavior of its distribution. Moreover, we establish the coupled partial differential equations for higher-order moments. Next, we propose an efficient multi-scale Monte Carlo approach to simulate the boundary local time, as well as the escape duration and position of the associated reaction event on a polygonal boundary. This numerical approach combines the walk-on-spheres algorithm in the bulk with an approximate solution of the escape problem in a sector. We apply it to investigate how the statistics of the boundary local time depends on the geometric complexity of the Koch snowflake. Eventual applications to diffusion-controlled reactions on partially reactive boundaries, including the asymptotic behavior of the survival probability, are discussed.

Original languageEnglish
Article number345002
JournalJournal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical
Volume58
Issue number34
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 25 Aug 2025

Keywords

  • Monte Carlo simulations
  • boundary local time
  • diffusion-controlled reactions
  • encounter-based approach
  • first-passage time
  • fractals
  • survival probability

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