Collection analysis for horn clause programs

We consider approximating data structures with collections of the items that they contain. For examples, lists, binary trees, tuples, etc, can be approximated by sets or multisets of the items within them. Such approximations can be used to provide partial correctness properties of logic programs. For example, one might wish to specify than whenever the atom sort(t, s) is proved then the two lists t and s contain the same multiset of items (that is, s is a permutation of t). If sorting removes duplicates, then one would like to infer that the sets of items underlying t and s are the same. Such results could be useful to have if they can be determined statically and automatically. We present a scheme by which such collection analysis can be structured and automated. Central to this scheme is the use of linear logic as a computational logic underlying the logic of Horn clauses.