COMPACTNESS AND STRUCTURE OF ZERO-STATES FOR UNORIENTED AVILES-GIGA FUNCTIONALS

Motivated by some models of pattern formation involving an unoriented director field in the plane, we study a family of unoriented counterparts to the Aviles-Giga functional. We introduce a nonlinear operator for such unoriented vector fields as well as a family of even entropies which we call 'trigonometric entropies'. Using these tools, we show two main theorems which parallel some results in the literature on the classical Aviles-Giga energy. The first is a compactness result for sequences of configurations with uniformly bounded energies. The second is a complete characterization of zero-states, that is, the limit configurations when the energies go to 0. These are Lipschitz continuous away from a locally finite set of points, near which they form either a vortex pattern or a disclination with degree 1/2. The proof is based on a combination of regularity theory together with techniques coming from the study of the Ginzburg-Landau energy. Our methods provide alternative proofs in the classical Aviles-Giga context.