Experimental Implementation of a Raman-Assisted Eight-Wave Mixing Process

Nonlinear processes in the quantum regime are essential for many applications, such as quantum-limited amplification, measurement, and control of quantum systems. In particular, the field of quantum error correction relies heavily on high-order nonlinear interactions between various modes of a quantum system. However, the required order of nonlinearity is often not directly available or weak compared to dissipation present in the system. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a route to obtain higher-order nonlinearity by combining more easily available lower-order nonlinear processes, using a generalization of the Raman transition. In particular, we show a transformation of four photons of a high-Q superconducting resonator into two excitations of a superconducting transmon mode and two pump photons, and vice versa. The resulting eight-wave mixing process is obtained by cascading two fourth-order nonlinear processes through a virtual state. We expect this type of process to become a key component of hardware-efficient quantum error correction using continuous-variable error-correction codes.