Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC

The CMS collaboration

doi:10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9b

Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC

The CMS collaboration

Yerevan Physics Institute
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Ruđer Bošković Institute
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National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn
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Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)
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Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions create a strongly interacting state of hot and dense quark-gluon matter that exhibits a remarkable collective flow behavior with minimal viscous dissipation. To gain deeper insights into its intrinsic nature and fundamental degrees of freedom, we determine the speed of sound in an extended volume of quark-gluon plasma using lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.607 nb⁻¹. The measurement is performed by studying the multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum of charged particles emitted in head-on PbPb collisions. Our findings reveal that the speed of sound in this matter is nearly half the speed of light, with a squared value of 0.241 ±0.002(stat) ±0.016(syst) in natural units. The effective medium temperature, estimated using the mean transverse momentum, is 219 ±8(syst)MeV. The measured squared speed of sound at this temperature aligns precisely with predictions from lattice quantum chromodynamic (QCD) calculations. This result provides a stringent constraint on the equation of state of the created medium and direct evidence for a deconfined QCD phase being attained in relativistic nuclear collisions.

Original language	English
Article number	077801
Journal	Reports on Progress in Physics
Volume	87
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9b
Publication status	Published - 1 Jul 2024

Keywords

CMS
QCD equation of state
quark-gluon plasma
speed of sound
ultra-central

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10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9b

Cite this

@article{24e9163ca3e0453291bb658d4796d9d3,

title = "Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC",

abstract = "Ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions create a strongly interacting state of hot and dense quark-gluon matter that exhibits a remarkable collective flow behavior with minimal viscous dissipation. To gain deeper insights into its intrinsic nature and fundamental degrees of freedom, we determine the speed of sound in an extended volume of quark-gluon plasma using lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.607 nb−1. The measurement is performed by studying the multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum of charged particles emitted in head-on PbPb collisions. Our findings reveal that the speed of sound in this matter is nearly half the speed of light, with a squared value of 0.241 ±0.002(stat) ±0.016(syst) in natural units. The effective medium temperature, estimated using the mean transverse momentum, is 219 ±8(syst)MeV. The measured squared speed of sound at this temperature aligns precisely with predictions from lattice quantum chromodynamic (QCD) calculations. This result provides a stringent constraint on the equation of state of the created medium and direct evidence for a deconfined QCD phase being attained in relativistic nuclear collisions.",

keywords = "CMS, QCD equation of state, quark-gluon plasma, speed of sound, ultra-central",

author = "\{The CMS collaboration\} and A. Hayrapetyan and A. Tumasyan and W. Adam and Andrejkovic, \{J. W.\} and T. Bergauer and S. Chatterjee and K. Damanakis and M. Dragicevic and Hussain, \{P. S.\} and M. Jeitler and N. Krammer and A. Li and D. Liko and I. Mikulec and J. Schieck and R. Sch{\"o}fbeck and D. Schwarz and M. Sonawane and S. Templ and W. Waltenberger and Wulz, \{C. E.\} and Darwish, \{M. R.\} and T. Janssen and \{Van Mechelen\}, P. and Bols, \{E. S.\} and J. D'Hondt and S. Dansana and \{De Moor\}, A. and M. Delcourt and \{El Faham\}, H. and S. Lowette and I. Makarenko and D. M{\"u}ller and Sahasransu, \{A. R.\} and S. Tavernier and M. Tytgat and \{Van Onsem\}, \{G. P.\} and \{Van Putte\}, S. and D. Vannerom and B. Clerbaux and Das, \{A. K.\} and A. Cappati and O. Davignon and \{De Wit\}, A. and \{Granier de Cassagnac\}, R. and M. Nguyen and C. Ochando and R. Salerno and A. Zabi and A. Zghiche",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 CERN, for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration.",

year = "2024",

month = jul,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9b",

language = "English",

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journal = "Reports on Progress in Physics",

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T1 - Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC

AU - The CMS collaboration

AU - Hayrapetyan, A.

AU - Tumasyan, A.

AU - Adam, W.

AU - Andrejkovic, J. W.

AU - Bergauer, T.

AU - Chatterjee, S.

AU - Damanakis, K.

AU - Dragicevic, M.

AU - Hussain, P. S.

AU - Jeitler, M.

AU - Krammer, N.

AU - Li, A.

AU - Liko, D.

AU - Mikulec, I.

AU - Schieck, J.

AU - Schöfbeck, R.

AU - Schwarz, D.

AU - Sonawane, M.

AU - Templ, S.

AU - Waltenberger, W.

AU - Wulz, C. E.

AU - Darwish, M. R.

AU - Janssen, T.

AU - Van Mechelen, P.

AU - Bols, E. S.

AU - D'Hondt, J.

AU - Dansana, S.

AU - De Moor, A.

AU - Delcourt, M.

AU - El Faham, H.

AU - Lowette, S.

AU - Makarenko, I.

AU - Müller, D.

AU - Sahasransu, A. R.

AU - Tavernier, S.

AU - Tytgat, M.

AU - Van Onsem, G. P.

AU - Van Putte, S.

AU - Vannerom, D.

AU - Clerbaux, B.

AU - Das, A. K.

AU - Cappati, A.

AU - Davignon, O.

AU - De Wit, A.

AU - Granier de Cassagnac, R.

AU - Nguyen, M.

AU - Ochando, C.

AU - Salerno, R.

AU - Zabi, A.

AU - Zghiche, A.

PY - 2024/7/1

Y1 - 2024/7/1

N2 - Ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions create a strongly interacting state of hot and dense quark-gluon matter that exhibits a remarkable collective flow behavior with minimal viscous dissipation. To gain deeper insights into its intrinsic nature and fundamental degrees of freedom, we determine the speed of sound in an extended volume of quark-gluon plasma using lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.607 nb−1. The measurement is performed by studying the multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum of charged particles emitted in head-on PbPb collisions. Our findings reveal that the speed of sound in this matter is nearly half the speed of light, with a squared value of 0.241 ±0.002(stat) ±0.016(syst) in natural units. The effective medium temperature, estimated using the mean transverse momentum, is 219 ±8(syst)MeV. The measured squared speed of sound at this temperature aligns precisely with predictions from lattice quantum chromodynamic (QCD) calculations. This result provides a stringent constraint on the equation of state of the created medium and direct evidence for a deconfined QCD phase being attained in relativistic nuclear collisions.

AB - Ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions create a strongly interacting state of hot and dense quark-gluon matter that exhibits a remarkable collective flow behavior with minimal viscous dissipation. To gain deeper insights into its intrinsic nature and fundamental degrees of freedom, we determine the speed of sound in an extended volume of quark-gluon plasma using lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.607 nb−1. The measurement is performed by studying the multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum of charged particles emitted in head-on PbPb collisions. Our findings reveal that the speed of sound in this matter is nearly half the speed of light, with a squared value of 0.241 ±0.002(stat) ±0.016(syst) in natural units. The effective medium temperature, estimated using the mean transverse momentum, is 219 ±8(syst)MeV. The measured squared speed of sound at this temperature aligns precisely with predictions from lattice quantum chromodynamic (QCD) calculations. This result provides a stringent constraint on the equation of state of the created medium and direct evidence for a deconfined QCD phase being attained in relativistic nuclear collisions.

KW - CMS

KW - QCD equation of state

KW - quark-gluon plasma

KW - speed of sound

KW - ultra-central

U2 - 10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9b

DO - 10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9b

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85200812670

SN - 0034-4885

VL - 87

JO - Reports on Progress in Physics

JF - Reports on Progress in Physics

IS - 7

M1 - 077801

ER -

Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC

Abstract

Keywords

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