Fast variability of tera-electron volt γ rays from the radio galaxy M87

F. Aharonian; A. G. Akhperjanian; A. R. Bazer-Bachi; M. Beilicke; W. Benbow; D. Berge; K. Bernlöhr; C. Boisson; O. Bolz; V. Borrel; I. Braun; A. M. Brown; R. Bühler; I. Büsching; S. Carrigan; P. M. Chadwick; L. M. Chounet; G. Coignet; R. Cornils; L. Costamante; B. Degrange; H. J. Dickinson; A. Djannati-Ataï; L. O.C. Drury; G. Dubus; K. Egberts; D. Emmanoulopoulos; P. Espigat; F. Feinstein; E. Ferrero; A. Fiasson; G. Fontaine; Seb Funk; S. Funk; M. Füßling; Y. A. Gallant; B. Giebels; J. F. Glicenstein; P. Goret; C. Hadjichristidis; D. Hauser; M. Hauser; G. Heinzelmann; G. Henri; G. Hermann; J. A. Hinton; A. Hoffmann; W. Hofmann; M. Holleran; S. Hoppe; D. Horns; A. Jacholkowska; O. C. De Jager; E. Kendziorra; M. Kerschhaggl; B. Khélifi; Nu Komin; A. Konopelko; K. Kosack; G. Lamanna; I. J. Latham; R. Le Gallou; A. Lemière; M. Lemoine-Goumard; J. P. Lenain; T. Lohse; J. M. Martin; O. Martineau-Huynh; A. Marcowith; C. Masterson; G. Maurin; T. J.L. McComb; E. Moulin; M. De Naurois; D. Nedbal; S. J. Nolan; A. Noutsos; K. J. Orford; J. L. Osborne; M. Ouchrif; M. Panter; G. Pelletier; S. Pita; G. Pühlhofer; M. Punch; S. Ranchon; B. C. Raubenheimer; M. Raue; S. M. Rayner; A. Reimer; J. Ripken; L. Rob; L. Rolland; S. Rosier-Lees; G. Rowell; V. Sahakian; A. Santangelo; L. Saugé; S. Schlenker; R. Schlickeiser; R. Schröder; U. Schwanke; S. Schwarzburg; S. Schwemmer; A. Shalchi; H. Sol; D. Spangler; F. Spanier; R. Steenkamp; C. Stegmann; G. Superina; P. H. Tam; J. P. Tavernet; R. Terrier; M. Tluczykont; C. Van Eldik; G. Vasileiadis; C. Venter; J. P. Vialle; P. Vincent; H. J. Völk; S. J. Wagner; M. Ward

doi:10.1126/science.1134408

Fast variability of tera-electron volt γ rays from the radio galaxy M87

F. Aharonian
, A. G. Akhperjanian
, A. R. Bazer-Bachi
, M. Beilicke
, W. Benbow
, D. Berge
, K. Bernlöhr
, C. Boisson
, O. Bolz
, V. Borrel
, I. Braun
, A. M. Brown
, R. Bühler
, I. Büsching
, S. Carrigan
, P. M. Chadwick
, L. M. Chounet
, G. Coignet
, R. Cornils
, L. Costamante

B. Degrange, H. J. Dickinson, A. Djannati-Ataï, L. O.C. Drury, G. Dubus, K. Egberts, D. Emmanoulopoulos, P. Espigat, F. Feinstein, E. Ferrero, A. Fiasson, G. Fontaine, Seb Funk, S. Funk, M. Füßling, Y. A. Gallant, B. Giebels, J. F. Glicenstein, P. Goret, C. Hadjichristidis, D. Hauser, M. Hauser, G. Heinzelmann, G. Henri, G. Hermann, J. A. Hinton, A. Hoffmann, W. Hofmann, M. Holleran, S. Hoppe, D. Horns, A. Jacholkowska, O. C. De Jager, E. Kendziorra, M. Kerschhaggl, B. Khélifi, Nu Komin, A. Konopelko, K. Kosack, G. Lamanna, I. J. Latham, R. Le Gallou, A. Lemière, M. Lemoine-Goumard, J. P. Lenain, T. Lohse, J. M. Martin, O. Martineau-Huynh, A. Marcowith, C. Masterson, G. Maurin, T. J.L. McComb, E. Moulin, M. De Naurois, D. Nedbal, S. J. Nolan, A. Noutsos, K. J. Orford, J. L. Osborne, M. Ouchrif, M. Panter, G. Pelletier, S. Pita, G. Pühlhofer, M. Punch, S. Ranchon, B. C. Raubenheimer, M. Raue, S. M. Rayner, A. Reimer, J. Ripken, L. Rob, L. Rolland, S. Rosier-Lees, G. Rowell, V. Sahakian, A. Santangelo, L. Saugé, S. Schlenker, R. Schlickeiser, R. Schröder, U. Schwanke, S. Schwarzburg, S. Schwemmer, A. Shalchi, H. Sol, D. Spangler, F. Spanier, R. Steenkamp, C. Stegmann, G. Superina, P. H. Tam, J. P. Tavernet, R. Terrier, M. Tluczykont, C. Van Eldik, G. Vasileiadis, C. Venter, J. P. Vialle, P. Vincent, H. J. Völk, S. J. Wagner, M. Ward

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
Yerevan Physics Institute
Centre national de la recherche scientifique
Universität Hamburg
Institut für Physik
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Laboratoire Univers et Théories
Department of Physics
Durham University
Unit for Space Physics
North-West University
Ip Paris
Université Paris-Sud
European Associated Laboratory for Gamma-Ray Astronomy
Astroparticule and Cosmol APC
Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies
Landessternwarte Heidelberg
Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier
Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CNRS and CEA
Division Technique
Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik
University of Tübingen
Department of Physics
Purdue University
Universités Paris VI and VII
Charles University
Institut für Theoretische Physik
Ruhr-University Bochum
University of Namibia
Physikalisches Institut
Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

364 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The detection of fast variations of the tera-electron volt (TeV) (10 ¹² eV) γ-ray flux, on time scales of days, from the nearby radio galaxy M87 is reported. These variations are about 10 times as fast as those observed in any other wave band and imply a very compact emission region with a dimension similar to the Schwarzschild radius of the central black hole. We thus can exclude several other sites and processes of the γ-ray production. The observations confirm that TeV γ rays are emitted by extragalactic sources other than blazars, where jets are not relativistically beamed toward the observer.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1424-1427
Number of pages	4
Journal	Science
Volume	314
Issue number	5804
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1134408
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2006
Externally published	Yes

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10.1126/science.1134408

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Aharonian, F., Akhperjanian, A. G., Bazer-Bachi, A. R., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Boisson, C., Bolz, O., Borrel, V., Braun, I., Brown, A. M., Bühler, R., Büsching, I., Carrigan, S., Chadwick, P. M., Chounet, L. M., Coignet, G., Cornils, R., ... Ward, M. (2006). Fast variability of tera-electron volt γ rays from the radio galaxy M87. Science, 314(5804), 1424-1427. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1134408

@article{6502403a3edf4d59892a9e2d66d016a3,

title = "Fast variability of tera-electron volt γ rays from the radio galaxy M87",

abstract = "The detection of fast variations of the tera-electron volt (TeV) (10 12 eV) γ-ray flux, on time scales of days, from the nearby radio galaxy M87 is reported. These variations are about 10 times as fast as those observed in any other wave band and imply a very compact emission region with a dimension similar to the Schwarzschild radius of the central black hole. We thus can exclude several other sites and processes of the γ-ray production. The observations confirm that TeV γ rays are emitted by extragalactic sources other than blazars, where jets are not relativistically beamed toward the observer.",

author = "F. Aharonian and Akhperjanian, \{A. G.\} and Bazer-Bachi, \{A. R.\} and M. Beilicke and W. Benbow and D. Berge and K. Bernl{\"o}hr and C. Boisson and O. Bolz and V. Borrel and I. Braun and Brown, \{A. M.\} and R. B{\"u}hler and I. B{\"u}sching and S. Carrigan and Chadwick, \{P. M.\} and Chounet, \{L. M.\} and G. Coignet and R. Cornils and L. Costamante and B. Degrange and Dickinson, \{H. J.\} and A. Djannati-Ata{\"i} and Drury, \{L. O.C.\} and G. Dubus and K. Egberts and D. Emmanoulopoulos and P. Espigat and F. Feinstein and E. Ferrero and A. Fiasson and G. Fontaine and Seb Funk and S. Funk and M. F{\"u}{\ss}ling and Gallant, \{Y. A.\} and B. Giebels and Glicenstein, \{J. F.\} and P. Goret and C. Hadjichristidis and D. Hauser and M. Hauser and G. Heinzelmann and G. Henri and G. Hermann and Hinton, \{J. A.\} and A. Hoffmann and W. Hofmann and M. Holleran and S. Hoppe and D. Horns and A. Jacholkowska and \{De Jager\}, \{O. C.\} and E. Kendziorra and M. Kerschhaggl and B. Kh{\'e}lifi and Nu Komin and A. Konopelko and K. Kosack and G. Lamanna and Latham, \{I. J.\} and \{Le Gallou\}, R. and A. Lemi{\`e}re and M. Lemoine-Goumard and Lenain, \{J. P.\} and T. Lohse and Martin, \{J. M.\} and O. Martineau-Huynh and A. Marcowith and C. Masterson and G. Maurin and McComb, \{T. J.L.\} and E. Moulin and \{De Naurois\}, M. and D. Nedbal and Nolan, \{S. J.\} and A. Noutsos and Orford, \{K. J.\} and Osborne, \{J. L.\} and M. Ouchrif and M. Panter and G. Pelletier and S. Pita and G. P{\"u}hlhofer and M. Punch and S. Ranchon and Raubenheimer, \{B. C.\} and M. Raue and Rayner, \{S. M.\} and A. Reimer and J. Ripken and L. Rob and L. Rolland and S. Rosier-Lees and G. Rowell and V. Sahakian and A. Santangelo and L. Saug{\'e} and S. Schlenker and R. Schlickeiser and R. Schr{\"o}der and U. Schwanke and S. Schwarzburg and S. Schwemmer and A. Shalchi and H. Sol and D. Spangler and F. Spanier and R. Steenkamp and C. Stegmann and G. Superina and Tam, \{P. H.\} and Tavernet, \{J. P.\} and R. Terrier and M. Tluczykont and \{Van Eldik\}, C. and G. Vasileiadis and C. Venter and Vialle, \{J. P.\} and P. Vincent and V{\"o}lk, \{H. J.\} and Wagner, \{S. J.\} and M. Ward",

year = "2006",

month = dec,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1126/science.1134408",

language = "English",

volume = "314",

pages = "1424--1427",

journal = "Science",

issn = "0036-8075",

number = "5804",

}

Aharonian, F, Akhperjanian, AG, Bazer-Bachi, AR, Beilicke, M, Benbow, W, Berge, D, Bernlöhr, K, Boisson, C, Bolz, O, Borrel, V, Braun, I, Brown, AM, Bühler, R, Büsching, I, Carrigan, S, Chadwick, PM, Chounet, LM, Coignet, G, Cornils, R, Costamante, L, Degrange, B, Dickinson, HJ, Djannati-Ataï, A, Drury, LOC, Dubus, G, Egberts, K, Emmanoulopoulos, D, Espigat, P, Feinstein, F, Ferrero, E, Fiasson, A, Fontaine, G, Funk, S, Funk, S, Füßling, M, Gallant, YA, Giebels, B, Glicenstein, JF, Goret, P, Hadjichristidis, C, Hauser, D, Hauser, M, Heinzelmann, G, Henri, G, Hermann, G, Hinton, JA, Hoffmann, A, Hofmann, W, Holleran, M, Hoppe, S, Horns, D, Jacholkowska, A, De Jager, OC, Kendziorra, E, Kerschhaggl, M, Khélifi, B, Komin, N, Konopelko, A, Kosack, K, Lamanna, G, Latham, IJ, Le Gallou, R, Lemière, A, Lemoine-Goumard, M, Lenain, JP, Lohse, T, Martin, JM, Martineau-Huynh, O, Marcowith, A, Masterson, C, Maurin, G, McComb, TJL, Moulin, E, De Naurois, M, Nedbal, D, Nolan, SJ, Noutsos, A, Orford, KJ, Osborne, JL, Ouchrif, M, Panter, M, Pelletier, G, Pita, S, Pühlhofer, G, Punch, M, Ranchon, S, Raubenheimer, BC, Raue, M, Rayner, SM, Reimer, A, Ripken, J, Rob, L, Rolland, L, Rosier-Lees, S, Rowell, G, Sahakian, V, Santangelo, A, Saugé, L, Schlenker, S, Schlickeiser, R, Schröder, R, Schwanke, U, Schwarzburg, S, Schwemmer, S, Shalchi, A, Sol, H, Spangler, D, Spanier, F, Steenkamp, R, Stegmann, C, Superina, G, Tam, PH, Tavernet, JP, Terrier, R, Tluczykont, M, Van Eldik, C, Vasileiadis, G, Venter, C, Vialle, JP, Vincent, P, Völk, HJ, Wagner, SJ & Ward, M 2006, 'Fast variability of tera-electron volt γ rays from the radio galaxy M87', Science, vol. 314, no. 5804, pp. 1424-1427. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1134408

TY - JOUR

T1 - Fast variability of tera-electron volt γ rays from the radio galaxy M87

AU - Aharonian, F.

AU - Akhperjanian, A. G.

AU - Bazer-Bachi, A. R.

AU - Beilicke, M.

AU - Benbow, W.

AU - Berge, D.

AU - Bernlöhr, K.

AU - Boisson, C.

AU - Bolz, O.

AU - Borrel, V.

AU - Braun, I.

AU - Brown, A. M.

AU - Bühler, R.

AU - Büsching, I.

AU - Carrigan, S.

AU - Chadwick, P. M.

AU - Chounet, L. M.

AU - Coignet, G.

AU - Cornils, R.

AU - Costamante, L.

AU - Degrange, B.

AU - Dickinson, H. J.

AU - Djannati-Ataï, A.

AU - Drury, L. O.C.

AU - Dubus, G.

AU - Egberts, K.

AU - Emmanoulopoulos, D.

AU - Espigat, P.

AU - Feinstein, F.

AU - Ferrero, E.

AU - Fiasson, A.

AU - Fontaine, G.

AU - Funk, Seb

AU - Funk, S.

AU - Füßling, M.

AU - Gallant, Y. A.

AU - Giebels, B.

AU - Glicenstein, J. F.

AU - Goret, P.

AU - Hadjichristidis, C.

AU - Hauser, D.

AU - Hauser, M.

AU - Heinzelmann, G.

AU - Henri, G.

AU - Hermann, G.

AU - Hinton, J. A.

AU - Hoffmann, A.

AU - Hofmann, W.

AU - Holleran, M.

AU - Hoppe, S.

AU - Horns, D.

AU - Jacholkowska, A.

AU - De Jager, O. C.

AU - Kendziorra, E.

AU - Kerschhaggl, M.

AU - Khélifi, B.

AU - Komin, Nu

AU - Konopelko, A.

AU - Kosack, K.

AU - Lamanna, G.

AU - Latham, I. J.

AU - Le Gallou, R.

AU - Lemière, A.

AU - Lemoine-Goumard, M.

AU - Lenain, J. P.

AU - Lohse, T.

AU - Martin, J. M.

AU - Martineau-Huynh, O.

AU - Marcowith, A.

AU - Masterson, C.

AU - Maurin, G.

AU - McComb, T. J.L.

AU - Moulin, E.

AU - De Naurois, M.

AU - Nedbal, D.

AU - Nolan, S. J.

AU - Noutsos, A.

AU - Orford, K. J.

AU - Osborne, J. L.

AU - Ouchrif, M.

AU - Panter, M.

AU - Pelletier, G.

AU - Pita, S.

AU - Pühlhofer, G.

AU - Punch, M.

AU - Ranchon, S.

AU - Raubenheimer, B. C.

AU - Raue, M.

AU - Rayner, S. M.

AU - Reimer, A.

AU - Ripken, J.

AU - Rob, L.

AU - Rolland, L.

AU - Rosier-Lees, S.

AU - Rowell, G.

AU - Sahakian, V.

AU - Santangelo, A.

AU - Saugé, L.

AU - Schlenker, S.

AU - Schlickeiser, R.

AU - Schröder, R.

AU - Schwanke, U.

AU - Schwarzburg, S.

AU - Schwemmer, S.

AU - Shalchi, A.

AU - Sol, H.

AU - Spangler, D.

AU - Spanier, F.

AU - Steenkamp, R.

AU - Stegmann, C.

AU - Superina, G.

AU - Tam, P. H.

AU - Tavernet, J. P.

AU - Terrier, R.

AU - Tluczykont, M.

AU - Van Eldik, C.

AU - Vasileiadis, G.

AU - Venter, C.

AU - Vialle, J. P.

AU - Vincent, P.

AU - Völk, H. J.

AU - Wagner, S. J.

AU - Ward, M.

PY - 2006/12/1

Y1 - 2006/12/1

N2 - The detection of fast variations of the tera-electron volt (TeV) (10 12 eV) γ-ray flux, on time scales of days, from the nearby radio galaxy M87 is reported. These variations are about 10 times as fast as those observed in any other wave band and imply a very compact emission region with a dimension similar to the Schwarzschild radius of the central black hole. We thus can exclude several other sites and processes of the γ-ray production. The observations confirm that TeV γ rays are emitted by extragalactic sources other than blazars, where jets are not relativistically beamed toward the observer.

AB - The detection of fast variations of the tera-electron volt (TeV) (10 12 eV) γ-ray flux, on time scales of days, from the nearby radio galaxy M87 is reported. These variations are about 10 times as fast as those observed in any other wave band and imply a very compact emission region with a dimension similar to the Schwarzschild radius of the central black hole. We thus can exclude several other sites and processes of the γ-ray production. The observations confirm that TeV γ rays are emitted by extragalactic sources other than blazars, where jets are not relativistically beamed toward the observer.

U2 - 10.1126/science.1134408

DO - 10.1126/science.1134408

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:33845293441

SN - 0036-8075

VL - 314

SP - 1424

EP - 1427

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 5804

ER -

Fast variability of tera-electron volt γ rays from the radio galaxy M87

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