First fermi-LAT solar flare catalog

M. Ajello; L. Baldini; D. Bastieri; R. Bellazzini; A. Berretta; E. Bissaldi; R. D. Blandford; R. Bonino; P. Bruel; S. Buson; R. A. Cameron; R. Caputo; E. Cavazzuti; C. C. Cheung; G. Chiaro; D. Costantin; S. Cutini; F. D'Ammando; F. De Palma; R. Desiante; N. Di Lalla; L. Di Venere; F. Fana Dirirsa; S. J. Fegan; Y. Fukazawa; S. Funk; P. Fusco; F. Gargano; D. Gasparrini; F. Giordano; M. Giroletti; D. Green; S. Guiriec; E. Hays; J. W. Hewitt; D. Horan; G. Jóhannesson; M. Kovac'Evic; M. Kuss; S. Larsson; L. Latronico; J. Li; F. Longo; M. N. Lovellette; P. Lubrano; S. Maldera; A. Manfreda; G. Marti-Devesa; M. N. Mazziotta; I. Mereu; P. F. Michelson; T. Mizuno; M. E. Monzani; A. Morselli; I. V. Moskalenko; M. Negro; N. Omodei; M. Orienti; E. Orlando; D. Paneque; Z. Pei; M. Persic; M. Pesce-Rollins; V. Petrosian; F. Piron; T. A. Porter; G. Principe; J. L. Racusin; S. Rainó; R. Rando; B. Rani; M. Razzano; S. Razzaque; A. Reimer; O. Reimer; D. Serini; C. Sgro; E. J. Siskind; G. Spandre; P. Spinelli; D. Tak; E. Troja; J. Valverde; K. Wood; G. Zaharijas

doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abd32e

First fermi-LAT solar flare catalog

M. Ajello
, L. Baldini
, D. Bastieri
, R. Bellazzini
, A. Berretta
, E. Bissaldi
, R. D. Blandford
, R. Bonino
, P. Bruel
, S. Buson
, R. A. Cameron
, R. Caputo
, E. Cavazzuti
, C. C. Cheung
, G. Chiaro
, D. Costantin
, S. Cutini
, F. D'Ammando
, F. De Palma
, R. Desiante

N. Di Lalla, L. Di Venere, F. Fana Dirirsa, S. J. Fegan, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, S. Guiriec, E. Hays, J. W. Hewitt, D. Horan, G. Jóhannesson, M. Kovac'Evic, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, J. Li, F. Longo, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, G. Marti-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, D. Paneque, Z. Pei, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, J. L. Racusin, S. Rainó, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, D. Serini, C. Sgro, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. Tak, E. Troja, J. Valverde, K. Wood, G. Zaharijas

Department of Physics and Astronomy
Clemson University
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
INFN
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei
University of Padova
University of Perugia
Politecnico di Bari
INFN Sezione di Bari
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
INFN Sezione di Torino
Dipartimento di Fisica
University of Turin
Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics
University of Würzburg
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Science and Research Directorate
Space Science Division
Naval Research Laboratory
INAF Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Milan
Department of Statistical Science
INFN Sezione di Perugia
INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia
Department of Physics
University of Johannesburg
Department of Physical Science
Hiroshima University
Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
INFN Roma Tor Vergata
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik
Department of Physics
George Washington University
Department of Physics
University of North Florida
University of Iceland
KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Physics Department
Oskar Klein Centre
School of Education
Dalarna University
c/o DESY
INFN Sezione di Trieste
University of Trieste
University of Innsbruck
Biochemical and Environmental Engineering
INAF-Trieste
Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier
Department of Physics and Astronomy
Center for Space Studies and Activities G. Colombo
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc.
University of Maryland
Praxis Inc.
Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology
University of Nova Gorica

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

53 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We present the first Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) solar flare catalog covering the 24th solar cycle. This catalog contains 45 Fermi-LAT solar flares (FLSFs) with emission in the γ-ray energy band (30 MeV-10 GeV) detected with a significance of .5σ over the years 2010-2018. A subsample containing 37 of these flares exhibits delayed emission beyond the prompt-impulsive hard X-ray phase, with 21 flares showing delayed emission lasting more than two hours. No prompt-impulsive emission is detected in four of these flares. We also present in this catalog observations of GeV emission from three flares originating from active regions located behind the limb of the visible solar disk. We report the lightcurves, spectra, best proton index, and localization (when possible) for all FLSFs. The γ-ray spectra are consistent with the decay of pions produced by >300 MeV protons. This work contains the largest sample of high-energy γ-ray flares ever reported and provides a unique opportunity to perform population studies on the different phases of the flare and thus allowing a new window in solar physics to be opened.

Original language	English
Article number	abd32e
Journal	Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
Volume	252
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/abd32e
Publication status	Published - 1 Feb 2021

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10.3847/1538-4365/abd32e

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Ajello, M., Baldini, L., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Berretta, A., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bonino, R., Bruel, P., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caputo, R., Cavazzuti, E., Cheung, C. C., Chiaro, G., Costantin, D., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., De Palma, F., ... Zaharijas, G. (2021). First fermi-LAT solar flare catalog. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series, 252(2), Article abd32e. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/abd32e

@article{2fd04d5e42b34cd283ec54a62acece53,

title = "First fermi-LAT solar flare catalog",

abstract = "We present the first Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) solar flare catalog covering the 24th solar cycle. This catalog contains 45 Fermi-LAT solar flares (FLSFs) with emission in the γ-ray energy band (30 MeV-10 GeV) detected with a significance of .5σ over the years 2010-2018. A subsample containing 37 of these flares exhibits delayed emission beyond the prompt-impulsive hard X-ray phase, with 21 flares showing delayed emission lasting more than two hours. No prompt-impulsive emission is detected in four of these flares. We also present in this catalog observations of GeV emission from three flares originating from active regions located behind the limb of the visible solar disk. We report the lightcurves, spectra, best proton index, and localization (when possible) for all FLSFs. The γ-ray spectra are consistent with the decay of pions produced by >300 MeV protons. This work contains the largest sample of high-energy γ-ray flares ever reported and provides a unique opportunity to perform population studies on the different phases of the flare and thus allowing a new window in solar physics to be opened.",

author = "M. Ajello and L. Baldini and D. Bastieri and R. Bellazzini and A. Berretta and E. Bissaldi and Blandford, \{R. D.\} and R. Bonino and P. Bruel and S. Buson and Cameron, \{R. A.\} and R. Caputo and E. Cavazzuti and Cheung, \{C. C.\} and G. Chiaro and D. Costantin and S. Cutini and F. D'Ammando and \{De Palma\}, F. and R. Desiante and \{Di Lalla\}, N. and \{Di Venere\}, L. and \{Fana Dirirsa\}, F. and Fegan, \{S. J.\} and Y. Fukazawa and S. Funk and P. Fusco and F. Gargano and D. Gasparrini and F. Giordano and M. Giroletti and D. Green and S. Guiriec and E. Hays and Hewitt, \{J. W.\} and D. Horan and G. J{\'o}hannesson and M. Kovac'Evic and M. Kuss and S. Larsson and L. Latronico and J. Li and F. Longo and Lovellette, \{M. N.\} and P. Lubrano and S. Maldera and A. Manfreda and G. Marti-Devesa and Mazziotta, \{M. N.\} and I. Mereu and Michelson, \{P. F.\} and T. Mizuno and Monzani, \{M. E.\} and A. Morselli and Moskalenko, \{I. V.\} and M. Negro and N. Omodei and M. Orienti and E. Orlando and D. Paneque and Z. Pei and M. Persic and M. Pesce-Rollins and V. Petrosian and F. Piron and Porter, \{T. A.\} and G. Principe and Racusin, \{J. L.\} and S. Rain{\'o} and R. Rando and B. Rani and M. Razzano and S. Razzaque and A. Reimer and O. Reimer and D. Serini and C. Sgro and Siskind, \{E. J.\} and G. Spandre and P. Spinelli and D. Tak and E. Troja and J. Valverde and K. Wood and G. Zaharijas",

year = "2021",

month = feb,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4365/abd32e",

language = "English",

volume = "252",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series",

issn = "0067-0049",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "2",

}

Ajello, M, Baldini, L, Bastieri, D, Bellazzini, R, Berretta, A, Bissaldi, E, Blandford, RD, Bonino, R, Bruel, P, Buson, S, Cameron, RA, Caputo, R, Cavazzuti, E, Cheung, CC, Chiaro, G, Costantin, D, Cutini, S, D'Ammando, F, De Palma, F, Desiante, R, Di Lalla, N, Di Venere, L, Fana Dirirsa, F, Fegan, SJ, Fukazawa, Y, Funk, S, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gasparrini, D, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Green, D, Guiriec, S, Hays, E, Hewitt, JW, Horan, D, Jóhannesson, G, Kovac'Evic, M, Kuss, M, Larsson, S, Latronico, L, Li, J, Longo, F, Lovellette, MN, Lubrano, P, Maldera, S, Manfreda, A, Marti-Devesa, G, Mazziotta, MN, Mereu, I, Michelson, PF, Mizuno, T, Monzani, ME, Morselli, A, Moskalenko, IV, Negro, M, Omodei, N, Orienti, M, Orlando, E, Paneque, D, Pei, Z, Persic, M, Pesce-Rollins, M, Petrosian, V, Piron, F, Porter, TA, Principe, G, Racusin, JL, Rainó, S, Rando, R, Rani, B, Razzano, M, Razzaque, S, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Serini, D, Sgro, C, Siskind, EJ, Spandre, G, Spinelli, P, Tak, D, Troja, E, Valverde, J, Wood, K & Zaharijas, G 2021, 'First fermi-LAT solar flare catalog', Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series, vol. 252, no. 2, abd32e. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/abd32e

TY - JOUR

T1 - First fermi-LAT solar flare catalog

AU - Ajello, M.

AU - Baldini, L.

AU - Bastieri, D.

AU - Bellazzini, R.

AU - Berretta, A.

AU - Bissaldi, E.

AU - Blandford, R. D.

AU - Bonino, R.

AU - Bruel, P.

AU - Buson, S.

AU - Cameron, R. A.

AU - Caputo, R.

AU - Cavazzuti, E.

AU - Cheung, C. C.

AU - Chiaro, G.

AU - Costantin, D.

AU - Cutini, S.

AU - D'Ammando, F.

AU - De Palma, F.

AU - Desiante, R.

AU - Di Lalla, N.

AU - Di Venere, L.

AU - Fana Dirirsa, F.

AU - Fegan, S. J.

AU - Fukazawa, Y.

AU - Funk, S.

AU - Fusco, P.

AU - Gargano, F.

AU - Gasparrini, D.

AU - Giordano, F.

AU - Giroletti, M.

AU - Green, D.

AU - Guiriec, S.

AU - Hays, E.

AU - Hewitt, J. W.

AU - Horan, D.

AU - Jóhannesson, G.

AU - Kovac'Evic, M.

AU - Kuss, M.

AU - Larsson, S.

AU - Latronico, L.

AU - Li, J.

AU - Longo, F.

AU - Lovellette, M. N.

AU - Lubrano, P.

AU - Maldera, S.

AU - Manfreda, A.

AU - Marti-Devesa, G.

AU - Mazziotta, M. N.

AU - Mereu, I.

AU - Michelson, P. F.

AU - Mizuno, T.

AU - Monzani, M. E.

AU - Morselli, A.

AU - Moskalenko, I. V.

AU - Negro, M.

AU - Omodei, N.

AU - Orienti, M.

AU - Orlando, E.

AU - Paneque, D.

AU - Pei, Z.

AU - Persic, M.

AU - Pesce-Rollins, M.

AU - Petrosian, V.

AU - Piron, F.

AU - Porter, T. A.

AU - Principe, G.

AU - Racusin, J. L.

AU - Rainó, S.

AU - Rando, R.

AU - Rani, B.

AU - Razzano, M.

AU - Razzaque, S.

AU - Reimer, A.

AU - Reimer, O.

AU - Serini, D.

AU - Sgro, C.

AU - Siskind, E. J.

AU - Spandre, G.

AU - Spinelli, P.

AU - Tak, D.

AU - Troja, E.

AU - Valverde, J.

AU - Wood, K.

AU - Zaharijas, G.

PY - 2021/2/1

Y1 - 2021/2/1

N2 - We present the first Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) solar flare catalog covering the 24th solar cycle. This catalog contains 45 Fermi-LAT solar flares (FLSFs) with emission in the γ-ray energy band (30 MeV-10 GeV) detected with a significance of .5σ over the years 2010-2018. A subsample containing 37 of these flares exhibits delayed emission beyond the prompt-impulsive hard X-ray phase, with 21 flares showing delayed emission lasting more than two hours. No prompt-impulsive emission is detected in four of these flares. We also present in this catalog observations of GeV emission from three flares originating from active regions located behind the limb of the visible solar disk. We report the lightcurves, spectra, best proton index, and localization (when possible) for all FLSFs. The γ-ray spectra are consistent with the decay of pions produced by >300 MeV protons. This work contains the largest sample of high-energy γ-ray flares ever reported and provides a unique opportunity to perform population studies on the different phases of the flare and thus allowing a new window in solar physics to be opened.

AB - We present the first Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) solar flare catalog covering the 24th solar cycle. This catalog contains 45 Fermi-LAT solar flares (FLSFs) with emission in the γ-ray energy band (30 MeV-10 GeV) detected with a significance of .5σ over the years 2010-2018. A subsample containing 37 of these flares exhibits delayed emission beyond the prompt-impulsive hard X-ray phase, with 21 flares showing delayed emission lasting more than two hours. No prompt-impulsive emission is detected in four of these flares. We also present in this catalog observations of GeV emission from three flares originating from active regions located behind the limb of the visible solar disk. We report the lightcurves, spectra, best proton index, and localization (when possible) for all FLSFs. The γ-ray spectra are consistent with the decay of pions produced by >300 MeV protons. This work contains the largest sample of high-energy γ-ray flares ever reported and provides a unique opportunity to perform population studies on the different phases of the flare and thus allowing a new window in solar physics to be opened.

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4365/abd32e

DO - 10.3847/1538-4365/abd32e

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85101646737

SN - 0067-0049

VL - 252

JO - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series

JF - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series

IS - 2

M1 - abd32e

ER -

First fermi-LAT solar flare catalog

Abstract

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