Hemp fiber and its bio-composites: a short review part II—applications and life cycle assessment

The urgent need to address global sustainability challenges, including climate change and resource depletion, has sparked renewed interest in renewable materials and carbon-negative solutions. This review examines Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) as a versatile and sustainable crop that aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Hemp’s remarkable attributes, including its rapid growth cycle, low cultivation requirements, and carbon sequestration capabilities, position it as a promising alternative to conventional materials. The review systematically analyzes hemp’s diverse applications across multiple sectors, including textiles, construction, automotive, paper production, and biofuel generation. Of particular interest are hemp fiber’s mechanical properties, which rival synthetic counterparts, making them ideal for eco-friendly composites and structural applications. The plant’s versatility extends beyond industrial uses to encompass food security, pharmaceutical applications, and environmental remediation. With over 30 countries currently cultivating hemp, led by China and followed by significant production in Europe and Canada, the crop is experiencing a global renaissance. This comprehensive analysis also explores emerging innovative applications in medical therapeutics, cosmeceuticals, phytoremediation, and wastewater treatment while evaluating life cycle assessments to demonstrate hemp’s potential in addressing contemporary environmental and health challenges. As society grapples with mounting resource demands and environmental concerns, this review underscores hemp’s role in transitioning toward a more sustainable and regenerative future.