High performance MRAM with spin-transfer-torque and voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effects

The Internet of Things (IoTs) relies on efficient node memories to process data among sensors, cloud and RF front-end. Both mainstream and emerging memories have been developed to achieve this energy efficiency target. Spin transfer torque magnetic tunnel junction (STT-MTJ)-based nonvolatile memory (NVM) has demonstrated great performance in terms of zero standby power, switching power efficiency, infinite endurance and high density. However, it still has a big performance gap; e.g., high dynamic write energy, large latency, yield and reliability. Recently, voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) has been introduced to achieve improved energy-delay efficiency and robust non-volatile writing control with an electric field or a switching voltage. VCMA-MTJ-based MRAM could be a promising candidate in IoT node memory for high-performance, ultra-low power consumption targets.