Hydrogen storage in two-dimensional and three-dimensional materials

To circumvent the intermittence of the renewable energies, the future rarefaction of fossil fuels, and the climate problems, the use of an energy vector like hydrogen seems to be an ideal solution. It represents a good way to store energy massively over long periods of time that can be employed in a wide variety of systems such as mobility, heat, or industrial processes, and it has no impact on the carbon footprint. Moreover, it can be used for mobile or stationary applications using fuel cells or by direct combustion but its utilization depends on its storage, which represents currently a crucial problem. A medium for hydrogen storage at moderate temperature and pressure has to be developed, and the solid state storage in nanoporous two-dimensional and three-dimensional materials like graphene, aerogels, and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) structures could be a promising option for achieving satisfactory gravimetric and volumetric densities. However fundamental research is still needed to better understand the potential of this technology and to contemplate its development.