Integrins from extracellular vesicles as players in tumor microenvironment and metastasis

Integrins constitute a large and diverse family of cell adhesion molecules that play essential roles in regulating tumor cell differentiation, migration, proliferation, and neovascularization. Tumor cell-derived exosomes, a subtype of extracellular vesicles, are enriched with integrins that reflect their cells of origin. These exosomal integrins can promote extracellular matrix remodeling, immune suppression, and vascular remodeling and are closely linked to tumor progression and metastasis, acting as pivotal players in mediating organ-specific metastasis. The present review aims to discuss recent insights into the role of integrins from extracellular vesicles in tumor cell initiation, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Beyond their functional roles in cancer progression, exosomal integrins hold relevant potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers due to their tissue-specific expression patterns. They also represent promising therapeutic targets for disrupting tumor-stroma interactions and preventing metastatic spread. As research into exosomal integrins continues to expand, they are likely to provide valuable insights into cancer biology and innovative strategies in cancer diagnosis and treatment.