Internet of Things-Based Healthcare Systems: An Overview of Privacy-Preserving Mechanisms

The integration of the IoT into healthcare opens new horizons while introducing ethical and legal challenges to preserving patients’ privacy. This paper provides a comprehensive review of privacy-preserving mechanisms in IoT-based healthcare systems, analyzing key challenges such as secure data transmission, decentralized processing, privacy-preserving analytics, and user-centric control. We classify existing privacy solutions into a structured comparative framework, highlighting their integration strategies, security measures, and technical implementations in scalable architectures. Additionally, we discuss emerging trends and open research challenges that require further exploration. This study is a valuable reference for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to develop and enhance privacy-preserving solutions in IoT-based healthcare environments.