Intrinsic and apparent singularities in differentially flat systems, and application to global motion planning

In this paper, we study the singularities of differentially flat systems, in the perspective of providing global or semi-global motion planning solutions for such systems: flat outputs may fail to be globally defined, thus potentially preventing from planning trajectories leaving their domain of definition, the complement of which we call singular. Such singular subsets are classified into two types: apparent and intrinsic. A rigorous definition of these singularities is introduced in terms of atlas and local charts in the framework of the differential geometry of jets of infinite order and Lie–Bäcklund isomorphisms. We then give an inclusion result allowing to effectively compute all or part of the intrinsic singularities. Finally, we show how our results apply to the global motion planning of the celebrated example of non holonomic car.