Linear ramps of interaction in the fermionic Hubbard model

We study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the fermionic Hubbard model induced by a linear ramp of the repulsive interaction U from the metallic state through the Mott transition. To this extent, we use a time-dependent Gutzwiller variational method and complement this analysis with the inclusion of quantum fluctuations at the leading order, in the framework of a Z ₂ slave-spin theory. We discuss the dynamics during the ramp and the issue of adiabaticity through the scaling of the excitation energy with the ramp duration τ. In addition, we study the dynamics for time scales longer than the ramp time, when the system is again isolated and the total energy conserved. We establish the existence of a dynamical phase transition analogous to the one present in the sudden quench case and discuss its properties as a function of final interaction and ramp duration. Finally, we discuss the role of quantum fluctuations on the mean-field dynamics for both long ramps, where spin-wave theory is sufficient, and for very short ramps, where a self-consistent treatment of quantum fluctuations is required in order to obtain relaxation.