Luminescence switch-on assay of interferon-gamma using a G-quadruplex-selective iridium(III) complex

In this study, we synthesized a series of 9 luminescent iridium(iii) complexes and studied their ability to function as luminescent probes for G-quadruplex DNA. The iridium(iii) complex 8 [Ir(pbtz)₂(dtbpy)]PF₆ (where pbtz = 2-phenylbenzo[d]thiazole; dtbpy = 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine) showed high selectivity for G-quadruplex DNA over single-stranded and double-stranded DNA, and was subsequently utilized for the development of a label-free oligonucleotide-based assay for interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), an important biomarker for a range of immune and infectious diseases, in aqueous solution. We further demonstrated that this assay could monitor IFN-γ levels even in the presence of cellular debris. This assay represents the first G-quadruplex-based assay for IFN-γ detection described in the literature.