Measurement of the cosmogenic neutron yield in Super-Kamiokande with gadolinium loaded water

(The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration)

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.107.092009

Measurement of the cosmogenic neutron yield in Super-Kamiokande with gadolinium loaded water

(The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration)

Tokyo University of Science
University of Tokyo
Long Beach VA and University of California
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
British Columbia Institute of Technology
TRIUMF
Boston University
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
California State University, Dominguez Hills
Chonnam National University
Duke University
Ip Paris
Fukuoka Institute of Technology
Gifu University
Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
University of Hawaii
Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
ICISE
Imperial College London
Politecnico di Bari
University of Naples Federico II
University of Padova
University of Rome
Keio University
King's College London
Kobe University
Kyoto University
University of Liverpool
Miyagi University of Education
Nagoya University
National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ)
Stony Brook University
Okayama University
University of Oxford
CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Seoul National University
The University of Sheffield
Shizuoka University of Welfare
Sungkyunkwan University
Tohoku University
Tokai University
Tokyo Institute of Technology
University of Toronto
University of Victoria
Tsinghua University
University of Warsaw
University of Warwick
University of Winnipeg
Yokohama National University
York College/The City University of New York

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

10 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Cosmic-ray muons that enter the Super-Kamiokande detector cause hadronic showers due to spallation in water, producing neutrons and radioactive isotopes. These are a major background source for studies of MeV-scale neutrinos and searches for rare events. In 2020, gadolinium was introduced into the ultra-pure water in the Super-Kamiokande detector to improve the detection efficiency of neutrons. In this study, the cosmogenic neutron yield was measured using data acquired during the period after the gadolinium loading. The yield was found to be (2.76±0.02(stat)±0.19(syst))×10-4 μ-1 g-1 cm2 at an average muon energy 259 GeV at the Super-Kamiokande detector.

Original language	English
Article number	092009
Journal	Physical Review D
Volume	107
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.107.092009
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2023

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10.1103/PhysRevD.107.092009

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@article{646d99c8f2f746daacd3d1673ec7bd5b,

title = "Measurement of the cosmogenic neutron yield in Super-Kamiokande with gadolinium loaded water",

abstract = "Cosmic-ray muons that enter the Super-Kamiokande detector cause hadronic showers due to spallation in water, producing neutrons and radioactive isotopes. These are a major background source for studies of MeV-scale neutrinos and searches for rare events. In 2020, gadolinium was introduced into the ultra-pure water in the Super-Kamiokande detector to improve the detection efficiency of neutrons. In this study, the cosmogenic neutron yield was measured using data acquired during the period after the gadolinium loading. The yield was found to be (2.76±0.02(stat)±0.19(syst)){\texttimes}10-4 μ-1 g-1 cm2 at an average muon energy 259 GeV at the Super-Kamiokande detector.",

author = "\{(The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration)\} and M. Shinoki and K. Abe and Y. Hayato and K. Hiraide and K. Hosokawa and K. Ieki and M. Ikeda and J. Kameda and Y. Kanemura and R. Kaneshima and Y. Kashiwagi and Y. Kataoka and S. Miki and S. Mine and M. Miura and S. Moriyama and Y. Nakano and M. Nakahata and S. Nakayama and Y. Noguchi and K. Okamoto and K. Sato and H. Sekiya and H. Shiba and K. Shimizu and M. Shiozawa and Y. Sonoda and Y. Suzuki and A. Takeda and Y. Takemoto and A. Takenaka and H. Tanaka and S. Watanabe and T. Yano and S. Han and T. Kajita and K. Okumura and T. Tashiro and T. Tomiya and X. Wang and S. Yoshida and Megias, \{G. D.\} and P. Fernandez and L. Labarga and N. Ospina and B. Zaldivar and O. Drapier and P. Paganini and B. Quilain and M. Gonin",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the {"}https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/{"}Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.",

year = "2023",

month = may,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1103/PhysRevD.107.092009",

language = "English",

volume = "107",

journal = "Physical Review D",

issn = "2470-0010",

publisher = "American Physical Society",

number = "9",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Measurement of the cosmogenic neutron yield in Super-Kamiokande with gadolinium loaded water

AU - (The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration)

AU - Shinoki, M.

AU - Abe, K.

AU - Hayato, Y.

AU - Hiraide, K.

AU - Hosokawa, K.

AU - Ieki, K.

AU - Ikeda, M.

AU - Kameda, J.

AU - Kanemura, Y.

AU - Kaneshima, R.

AU - Kashiwagi, Y.

AU - Kataoka, Y.

AU - Miki, S.

AU - Mine, S.

AU - Miura, M.

AU - Moriyama, S.

AU - Nakano, Y.

AU - Nakahata, M.

AU - Nakayama, S.

AU - Noguchi, Y.

AU - Okamoto, K.

AU - Sato, K.

AU - Sekiya, H.

AU - Shiba, H.

AU - Shimizu, K.

AU - Shiozawa, M.

AU - Sonoda, Y.

AU - Suzuki, Y.

AU - Takeda, A.

AU - Takemoto, Y.

AU - Takenaka, A.

AU - Tanaka, H.

AU - Watanabe, S.

AU - Yano, T.

AU - Han, S.

AU - Kajita, T.

AU - Okumura, K.

AU - Tashiro, T.

AU - Tomiya, T.

AU - Wang, X.

AU - Yoshida, S.

AU - Megias, G. D.

AU - Fernandez, P.

AU - Labarga, L.

AU - Ospina, N.

AU - Zaldivar, B.

AU - Drapier, O.

AU - Paganini, P.

AU - Quilain, B.

AU - Gonin, M.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

PY - 2023/5/1

Y1 - 2023/5/1

N2 - Cosmic-ray muons that enter the Super-Kamiokande detector cause hadronic showers due to spallation in water, producing neutrons and radioactive isotopes. These are a major background source for studies of MeV-scale neutrinos and searches for rare events. In 2020, gadolinium was introduced into the ultra-pure water in the Super-Kamiokande detector to improve the detection efficiency of neutrons. In this study, the cosmogenic neutron yield was measured using data acquired during the period after the gadolinium loading. The yield was found to be (2.76±0.02(stat)±0.19(syst))×10-4 μ-1 g-1 cm2 at an average muon energy 259 GeV at the Super-Kamiokande detector.

AB - Cosmic-ray muons that enter the Super-Kamiokande detector cause hadronic showers due to spallation in water, producing neutrons and radioactive isotopes. These are a major background source for studies of MeV-scale neutrinos and searches for rare events. In 2020, gadolinium was introduced into the ultra-pure water in the Super-Kamiokande detector to improve the detection efficiency of neutrons. In this study, the cosmogenic neutron yield was measured using data acquired during the period after the gadolinium loading. The yield was found to be (2.76±0.02(stat)±0.19(syst))×10-4 μ-1 g-1 cm2 at an average muon energy 259 GeV at the Super-Kamiokande detector.

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevD.107.092009

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevD.107.092009

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85162266078

SN - 2470-0010

VL - 107

JO - Physical Review D

JF - Physical Review D

IS - 9

M1 - 092009

ER -

Measurement of the cosmogenic neutron yield in Super-Kamiokande with gadolinium loaded water

Abstract

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