Measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic cross section using atmospheric neutrinos in the SK-Gd experiment

S. Sakai; K. Abe; C. Bronner; Y. Hayato; K. Hiraide; K. Hosokawa; K. Ieki; M. Ikeda; J. Kameda; Y. Kanemura; R. Kaneshima; Y. Kashiwagi; Y. Kataoka; S. Miki; S. Mine; M. Miura; S. Moriyama; Y. Nakano; M. Nakahata; S. Nakayama; Y. Noguchi; K. Sato; H. Sekiya; H. Shiba; K. Shimizu; M. Shiozawa; Y. Sonoda; Y. Suzuki; A. Takeda; Y. Takemoto; H. Tanaka; T. Yano; S. Han; T. Kajita; K. Okumura; T. Tashiro; T. Tomiya; X. Wang; S. Yoshida; P. Fernandez; L. Labarga; N. Ospina; B. Zaldivar; B. W. Pointon; E. Kearns; J. L. Raaf; L. Wan; T. Wester; J. Bian; N. J. Griskevich; S. Locke; M. B. Smy; H. W. Sobel; V. Takhistov; A. Yankelevich; J. Hill; M. C. Jang; S. H. Lee; D. H. Moon; R. G. Park; B. Bodur; K. Scholberg; C. W. Walter; A. Beauchêne; O. Drapier; A. Giampaolo; Th A. Mueller; A. D. Santos; P. Paganini; B. Quilain; T. Nakamura; J. S. Jang; L. N. Machado; J. G. Learned; K. Choi; N. Iovine; S. Cao; L. H.V. Anthony; D. Martin; N. W. Prouse; M. Scott; A. A. Sztuc; Y. Uchida; V. Berardi; N. F. Calabria; M. G. Catanesi; E. Radicioni; A. Langella; G. De Rosa; G. Collazuol; F. Iacob; M. Mattiazzi; L. Ludovici; M. Gonin; G. Pronost; C. Fujisawa; Y. Maekawa; Y. Nishimura; R. Okazaki; R. Akutsu; M. Friend; T. Hasegawa; T. Ishida; T. Kobayashi; M. Jakkapu; T. Matsubara; T. Nakadaira; K. Nakamura; Y. Oyama; K. Sakashita; T. Sekiguchi; T. Tsukamoto; N. Bhuiyan; G. T. Burton; F. Di Lodovico; J. Gao; A. Goldsack; T. Katori; J. Migenda; R. M. Ramsden; Z. Xie; S. Zsoldos; A. T. Suzuki; Y. Takagi; H. Zhong; Y. Takeuchi; J. Feng; L. Feng; J. R. Hu; Z. Hu; M. Kawaue; T. Kikawa; M. Mori; T. Nakaya; R. A. Wendell; K. Yasutome; S. J. Jenkins; N. Mccauley; P. Mehta; A. Tarant; Y. Fukuda; Y. Itow; H. Menjo; K. Ninomiya; Y. Yoshioka; J. Lagoda; S. M. Lakshmi; M. Mandal; P. Mijakowski; Y. S. Prabhu; J. Zalipska; M. Jia; J. Jiang; C. K. Jung; W. Shi; M. J. Wilking; C. Yanagisawa; M. Harada; Y. Hino; H. Ishino; Y. Koshio; F. Nakanishi; T. Tada; T. Tano; T. Ishizuka; G. Barr; D. Barrow; L. Cook; S. Samani; D. Wark; A. Holin; F. Nova; S. Jung; B. S. Yang; J. Y. Yang; J. Yoo; J. E.P. Fannon; L. Kneale; M. Malek; J. M. Mcelwee; M. D. Thiesse; L. F. Thompson; S. T. Wilson; H. Okazawa; S. B. Kim; E. Kwon; J. W. Seo; I. Yu; A. K. Ichikawa; K. D. Nakamura; S. Tairafune; K. Nishijima; A. Eguchi; K. Nakagiri; Y. Nakajima; S. Shima; N. Taniuchi; E. Watanabe; M. Yokoyama; P. De Perio; S. Fujita; K. Martens; K. M. Tsui; M. R. Vagins; J. Xia; S. Izumiyama; M. Kuze; R. Matsumoto; M. Ishitsuka; H. Ito; Y. Ommura; N. Shigeta; M. Shinoki; K. Yamauchi; T. Yoshida; R. Gaur; V. Gousy-Leblanc; M. Hartz; A. Konaka; X. Li; S. Chen; B. D. Xu; B. Zhang; M. Posiadala-Zezula; S. B. Boyd; R. Edwards; D. Hadley; M. Nicholson; M. O'flaherty; B. Richards; A. Ali; B. Jamieson; S. Amanai; Ll Marti; A. Minamino; S. Suzuki

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.109.L011101

Measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic cross section using atmospheric neutrinos in the SK-Gd experiment

S. Sakai
, K. Abe
, C. Bronner
, Y. Hayato
, K. Hiraide
, K. Hosokawa
, K. Ieki
, M. Ikeda
, J. Kameda
, Y. Kanemura
, R. Kaneshima
, Y. Kashiwagi
, Y. Kataoka
, S. Miki
, S. Mine
, M. Miura
, S. Moriyama
, Y. Nakano
, M. Nakahata
, S. Nakayama

Y. Noguchi, K. Sato, H. Sekiya, H. Shiba, K. Shimizu, M. Shiozawa, Y. Sonoda, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, Y. Takemoto, H. Tanaka, T. Yano, S. Han, T. Kajita, K. Okumura, T. Tashiro, T. Tomiya, X. Wang, S. Yoshida, P. Fernandez, L. Labarga, N. Ospina, B. Zaldivar, B. W. Pointon, E. Kearns, J. L. Raaf, L. Wan, T. Wester, J. Bian, N. J. Griskevich, S. Locke, M. B. Smy, H. W. Sobel, V. Takhistov, A. Yankelevich, J. Hill, M. C. Jang, S. H. Lee, D. H. Moon, R. G. Park, B. Bodur, K. Scholberg, C. W. Walter, A. Beauchêne, O. Drapier, A. Giampaolo, Th A. Mueller, A. D. Santos, P. Paganini, B. Quilain, T. Nakamura, J. S. Jang, L. N. Machado, J. G. Learned, K. Choi, N. Iovine, S. Cao, L. H.V. Anthony, D. Martin, N. W. Prouse, M. Scott, A. A. Sztuc, Y. Uchida, V. Berardi, N. F. Calabria, M. G. Catanesi, E. Radicioni, A. Langella, G. De Rosa, G. Collazuol, F. Iacob, M. Mattiazzi, L. Ludovici, M. Gonin, G. Pronost, C. Fujisawa, Y. Maekawa, Y. Nishimura, R. Okazaki, R. Akutsu, M. Friend, T. Hasegawa, T. Ishida, T. Kobayashi, M. Jakkapu, T. Matsubara, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakamura, Y. Oyama, K. Sakashita, T. Sekiguchi, T. Tsukamoto, N. Bhuiyan, G. T. Burton, F. Di Lodovico, J. Gao, A. Goldsack, T. Katori, J. Migenda, R. M. Ramsden, Z. Xie, S. Zsoldos, A. T. Suzuki, Y. Takagi, H. Zhong, Y. Takeuchi, J. Feng, L. Feng, J. R. Hu, Z. Hu, M. Kawaue, T. Kikawa, M. Mori, T. Nakaya, R. A. Wendell, K. Yasutome, S. J. Jenkins, N. Mccauley, P. Mehta, A. Tarant, Y. Fukuda, Y. Itow, H. Menjo, K. Ninomiya, Y. Yoshioka, J. Lagoda, S. M. Lakshmi, M. Mandal, P. Mijakowski, Y. S. Prabhu, J. Zalipska, M. Jia, J. Jiang, C. K. Jung, W. Shi, M. J. Wilking, C. Yanagisawa, M. Harada, Y. Hino, H. Ishino, Y. Koshio, F. Nakanishi, T. Tada, T. Tano, T. Ishizuka, G. Barr, D. Barrow, L. Cook, S. Samani, D. Wark, A. Holin, F. Nova, S. Jung, B. S. Yang, J. Y. Yang, J. Yoo, J. E.P. Fannon, L. Kneale, M. Malek, J. M. Mcelwee, M. D. Thiesse, L. F. Thompson, S. T. Wilson, H. Okazawa, S. B. Kim, E. Kwon, J. W. Seo, I. Yu, A. K. Ichikawa, K. D. Nakamura, S. Tairafune, K. Nishijima, A. Eguchi, K. Nakagiri, Y. Nakajima, S. Shima, N. Taniuchi, E. Watanabe, M. Yokoyama, P. De Perio, S. Fujita, K. Martens, K. M. Tsui, M. R. Vagins, J. Xia, S. Izumiyama, M. Kuze, R. Matsumoto, M. Ishitsuka, H. Ito, Y. Ommura, N. Shigeta, M. Shinoki, K. Yamauchi, T. Yoshida, R. Gaur, V. Gousy-Leblanc, M. Hartz, A. Konaka, X. Li, S. Chen, B. D. Xu, B. Zhang, M. Posiadala-Zezula, S. B. Boyd, R. Edwards, D. Hadley, M. Nicholson, M. O'flaherty, B. Richards, A. Ali, B. Jamieson, S. Amanai, Ll Marti, A. Minamino, S. Suzuki

Okayama University
University of Tokyo
Long Beach VA and University of California
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
British Columbia Institute of Technology
TRIUMF
Boston University
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
California State University, Dominguez Hills
Chonnam National University
Duke University
Ip Paris
Gifu University
Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
University of Glasgow
University of Hawaii
Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
ICISE
Imperial College London
Politecnico di Bari
University of Naples Federico II
University of Padova
University of Rome
Keio University
King's College London
Kobe University
Kyoto University
University of Liverpool
Miyagi University of Education
Nagoya University
National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ)
Stony Brook University
York College/The City University of New York
Osaka Electro-Communication University
University of Oxford
CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Seoul National University
The University of Sheffield
Shizuoka University of Welfare
Sungkyunkwan University
Tohoku University
Tokai University
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Tokyo University of Science
University of Victoria
Tsinghua University
University of Warsaw
University of Warwick
University of Winnipeg
Yokohama National University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We report the first measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic (NCQE) cross section in the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) water Cherenkov detector. In June 2020, SK began a new experimental phase, named SK-Gd, by loading 0.011% by mass of gadolinium into the ultrapure water of the SK detector. The introduction of gadolinium to ultrapure water has the effect of improving the neutron-tagging efficiency. Using a 552.2 day dataset from August 2020 to June 2022, we measure the NCQE cross section to be 0.74±0.22(stat)-0.15+0.85(syst)×10-38 cm2/oxygen in the energy range from 160 MeV to 10 GeV, which is consistent with the atmospheric neutrino-flux-averaged theoretical NCQE cross section and the measurement in the SK pure-water phase within the uncertainties. Furthermore, we compare the models of the nucleon-nucleus interactions in water and find that the binary cascade model and the Liège intranuclear cascade model provide a somewhat better fit to the observed data than the Bertini cascade model. Since the atmospheric neutrino-oxygen NCQE reactions are one of the main backgrounds in the search for diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), these new results will contribute to future studies - and the potential discovery - of the DSNB in SK.

Original language	English
Article number	L011101
Journal	Physical Review D
Volume	109
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.L011101
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2024

Access to Document

10.1103/PhysRevD.109.L011101

Cite this

Sakai, S., Abe, K., Bronner, C., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Hosokawa, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kashiwagi, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakano, Y., Nakahata, M., ... Suzuki, S. (2024). Measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic cross section using atmospheric neutrinos in the SK-Gd experiment. Physical Review D, 109(1), Article L011101. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.L011101

@article{c21e0912c13e4c7d8816dc5b0de638c7,

title = "Measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic cross section using atmospheric neutrinos in the SK-Gd experiment",

abstract = "We report the first measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic (NCQE) cross section in the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) water Cherenkov detector. In June 2020, SK began a new experimental phase, named SK-Gd, by loading 0.011\% by mass of gadolinium into the ultrapure water of the SK detector. The introduction of gadolinium to ultrapure water has the effect of improving the neutron-tagging efficiency. Using a 552.2 day dataset from August 2020 to June 2022, we measure the NCQE cross section to be 0.74±0.22(stat)-0.15+0.85(syst)×10-38 cm2/oxygen in the energy range from 160 MeV to 10 GeV, which is consistent with the atmospheric neutrino-flux-averaged theoretical NCQE cross section and the measurement in the SK pure-water phase within the uncertainties. Furthermore, we compare the models of the nucleon-nucleus interactions in water and find that the binary cascade model and the Li{\`e}ge intranuclear cascade model provide a somewhat better fit to the observed data than the Bertini cascade model. Since the atmospheric neutrino-oxygen NCQE reactions are one of the main backgrounds in the search for diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), these new results will contribute to future studies - and the potential discovery - of the DSNB in SK.",

author = "S. Sakai and K. Abe and C. Bronner and Y. Hayato and K. Hiraide and K. Hosokawa and K. Ieki and M. Ikeda and J. Kameda and Y. Kanemura and R. Kaneshima and Y. Kashiwagi and Y. Kataoka and S. Miki and S. Mine and M. Miura and S. Moriyama and Y. Nakano and M. Nakahata and S. Nakayama and Y. Noguchi and K. Sato and H. Sekiya and H. Shiba and K. Shimizu and M. Shiozawa and Y. Sonoda and Y. Suzuki and A. Takeda and Y. Takemoto and H. Tanaka and T. Yano and S. Han and T. Kajita and K. Okumura and T. Tashiro and T. Tomiya and X. Wang and S. Yoshida and P. Fernandez and L. Labarga and N. Ospina and B. Zaldivar and Pointon, \{B. W.\} and E. Kearns and Raaf, \{J. L.\} and L. Wan and T. Wester and J. Bian and Griskevich, \{N. J.\} and S. Locke and Smy, \{M. B.\} and Sobel, \{H. W.\} and V. Takhistov and A. Yankelevich and J. Hill and Jang, \{M. C.\} and Lee, \{S. H.\} and Moon, \{D. H.\} and Park, \{R. G.\} and B. Bodur and K. Scholberg and Walter, \{C. W.\} and A. Beauch{\^e}ne and O. Drapier and A. Giampaolo and Mueller, \{Th A.\} and Santos, \{A. D.\} and P. Paganini and B. Quilain and T. Nakamura and Jang, \{J. S.\} and Machado, \{L. N.\} and Learned, \{J. G.\} and K. Choi and N. Iovine and S. Cao and Anthony, \{L. H.V.\} and D. Martin and Prouse, \{N. W.\} and M. Scott and Sztuc, \{A. A.\} and Y. Uchida and V. Berardi and Calabria, \{N. F.\} and Catanesi, \{M. G.\} and E. Radicioni and A. Langella and \{De Rosa\}, G. and G. Collazuol and F. Iacob and M. Mattiazzi and L. Ludovici and M. Gonin and G. Pronost and C. Fujisawa and Y. Maekawa and Y. Nishimura and R. Okazaki and R. Akutsu and M. Friend and T. Hasegawa and T. Ishida and T. Kobayashi and M. Jakkapu and T. Matsubara and T. Nakadaira and K. Nakamura and Y. Oyama and K. Sakashita and T. Sekiguchi and T. Tsukamoto and N. Bhuiyan and Burton, \{G. T.\} and \{Di Lodovico\}, F. and J. Gao and A. Goldsack and T. Katori and J. Migenda and Ramsden, \{R. M.\} and Z. Xie and S. Zsoldos and Suzuki, \{A. T.\} and Y. Takagi and H. Zhong and Y. Takeuchi and J. Feng and L. Feng and Hu, \{J. R.\} and Z. Hu and M. Kawaue and T. Kikawa and M. Mori and T. Nakaya and Wendell, \{R. A.\} and K. Yasutome and Jenkins, \{S. J.\} and N. Mccauley and P. Mehta and A. Tarant and Y. Fukuda and Y. Itow and H. Menjo and K. Ninomiya and Y. Yoshioka and J. Lagoda and Lakshmi, \{S. M.\} and M. Mandal and P. Mijakowski and Prabhu, \{Y. S.\} and J. Zalipska and M. Jia and J. Jiang and Jung, \{C. K.\} and W. Shi and Wilking, \{M. J.\} and C. Yanagisawa and M. Harada and Y. Hino and H. Ishino and Y. Koshio and F. Nakanishi and T. Tada and T. Tano and T. Ishizuka and G. Barr and D. Barrow and L. Cook and S. Samani and D. Wark and A. Holin and F. Nova and S. Jung and Yang, \{B. S.\} and Yang, \{J. Y.\} and J. Yoo and Fannon, \{J. E.P.\} and L. Kneale and M. Malek and Mcelwee, \{J. M.\} and Thiesse, \{M. D.\} and Thompson, \{L. F.\} and Wilson, \{S. T.\} and H. Okazawa and Kim, \{S. B.\} and E. Kwon and Seo, \{J. W.\} and I. Yu and Ichikawa, \{A. K.\} and Nakamura, \{K. D.\} and S. Tairafune and K. Nishijima and A. Eguchi and K. Nakagiri and Y. Nakajima and S. Shima and N. Taniuchi and E. Watanabe and M. Yokoyama and \{De Perio\}, P. and S. Fujita and K. Martens and Tsui, \{K. M.\} and Vagins, \{M. R.\} and J. Xia and S. Izumiyama and M. Kuze and R. Matsumoto and M. Ishitsuka and H. Ito and Y. Ommura and N. Shigeta and M. Shinoki and K. Yamauchi and T. Yoshida and R. Gaur and V. Gousy-Leblanc and M. Hartz and A. Konaka and X. Li and S. Chen and Xu, \{B. D.\} and B. Zhang and M. Posiadala-Zezula and Boyd, \{S. B.\} and R. Edwards and D. Hadley and M. Nicholson and M. O'flaherty and B. Richards and A. Ali and B. Jamieson and S. Amanai and Ll Marti and A. Minamino and S. Suzuki",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Funded by SCOAP",

year = "2024",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1103/PhysRevD.109.L011101",

language = "English",

volume = "109",

journal = "Physical Review D",

issn = "2470-0010",

number = "1",

}

Sakai, S, Abe, K, Bronner, C, Hayato, Y, Hiraide, K, Hosokawa, K, Ieki, K, Ikeda, M, Kameda, J, Kanemura, Y, Kaneshima, R, Kashiwagi, Y, Kataoka, Y, Miki, S, Mine, S, Miura, M, Moriyama, S, Nakano, Y, Nakahata, M, Nakayama, S, Noguchi, Y, Sato, K, Sekiya, H, Shiba, H, Shimizu, K, Shiozawa, M, Sonoda, Y, Suzuki, Y, Takeda, A, Takemoto, Y, Tanaka, H, Yano, T, Han, S, Kajita, T, Okumura, K, Tashiro, T, Tomiya, T, Wang, X, Yoshida, S, Fernandez, P, Labarga, L, Ospina, N, Zaldivar, B, Pointon, BW, Kearns, E, Raaf, JL, Wan, L, Wester, T, Bian, J, Griskevich, NJ, Locke, S, Smy, MB, Sobel, HW, Takhistov, V, Yankelevich, A, Hill, J, Jang, MC, Lee, SH, Moon, DH, Park, RG, Bodur, B, Scholberg, K, Walter, CW, Beauchêne, A, Drapier, O, Giampaolo, A, Mueller, TA, Santos, AD, Paganini, P , Quilain, B, Nakamura, T, Jang, JS, Machado, LN, Learned, JG, Choi, K, Iovine, N, Cao, S, Anthony, LHV, Martin, D, Prouse, NW, Scott, M, Sztuc, AA, Uchida, Y, Berardi, V, Calabria, NF, Catanesi, MG, Radicioni, E, Langella, A, De Rosa, G, Collazuol, G, Iacob, F, Mattiazzi, M, Ludovici, L, Gonin, M, Pronost, G, Fujisawa, C, Maekawa, Y, Nishimura, Y, Okazaki, R, Akutsu, R, Friend, M, Hasegawa, T, Ishida, T, Kobayashi, T, Jakkapu, M, Matsubara, T, Nakadaira, T, Nakamura, K, Oyama, Y, Sakashita, K, Sekiguchi, T, Tsukamoto, T, Bhuiyan, N, Burton, GT, Di Lodovico, F, Gao, J, Goldsack, A, Katori, T, Migenda, J, Ramsden, RM, Xie, Z, Zsoldos, S, Suzuki, AT, Takagi, Y, Zhong, H, Takeuchi, Y, Feng, J, Feng, L, Hu, JR, Hu, Z, Kawaue, M, Kikawa, T, Mori, M, Nakaya, T, Wendell, RA, Yasutome, K, Jenkins, SJ, Mccauley, N, Mehta, P, Tarant, A, Fukuda, Y, Itow, Y, Menjo, H, Ninomiya, K, Yoshioka, Y, Lagoda, J, Lakshmi, SM, Mandal, M, Mijakowski, P, Prabhu, YS, Zalipska, J, Jia, M, Jiang, J, Jung, CK, Shi, W, Wilking, MJ, Yanagisawa, C, Harada, M, Hino, Y, Ishino, H, Koshio, Y, Nakanishi, F, Tada, T, Tano, T, Ishizuka, T, Barr, G, Barrow, D, Cook, L, Samani, S, Wark, D, Holin, A, Nova, F, Jung, S, Yang, BS, Yang, JY, Yoo, J, Fannon, JEP, Kneale, L, Malek, M, Mcelwee, JM, Thiesse, MD, Thompson, LF, Wilson, ST, Okazawa, H, Kim, SB, Kwon, E, Seo, JW, Yu, I, Ichikawa, AK, Nakamura, KD, Tairafune, S, Nishijima, K, Eguchi, A, Nakagiri, K, Nakajima, Y, Shima, S, Taniuchi, N, Watanabe, E, Yokoyama, M, De Perio, P, Fujita, S, Martens, K, Tsui, KM, Vagins, MR, Xia, J, Izumiyama, S, Kuze, M, Matsumoto, R, Ishitsuka, M, Ito, H, Ommura, Y, Shigeta, N, Shinoki, M, Yamauchi, K, Yoshida, T, Gaur, R, Gousy-Leblanc, V, Hartz, M, Konaka, A, Li, X, Chen, S, Xu, BD, Zhang, B, Posiadala-Zezula, M, Boyd, SB, Edwards, R, Hadley, D, Nicholson, M, O'flaherty, M, Richards, B, Ali, A, Jamieson, B, Amanai, S, Marti, L, Minamino, A & Suzuki, S 2024, 'Measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic cross section using atmospheric neutrinos in the SK-Gd experiment', Physical Review D, vol. 109, no. 1, L011101. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.L011101

TY - JOUR

T1 - Measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic cross section using atmospheric neutrinos in the SK-Gd experiment

AU - Sakai, S.

AU - Abe, K.

AU - Bronner, C.

AU - Hayato, Y.

AU - Hiraide, K.

AU - Hosokawa, K.

AU - Ieki, K.

AU - Ikeda, M.

AU - Kameda, J.

AU - Kanemura, Y.

AU - Kaneshima, R.

AU - Kashiwagi, Y.

AU - Kataoka, Y.

AU - Miki, S.

AU - Mine, S.

AU - Miura, M.

AU - Moriyama, S.

AU - Nakano, Y.

AU - Nakahata, M.

AU - Nakayama, S.

AU - Noguchi, Y.

AU - Sato, K.

AU - Sekiya, H.

AU - Shiba, H.

AU - Shimizu, K.

AU - Shiozawa, M.

AU - Sonoda, Y.

AU - Suzuki, Y.

AU - Takeda, A.

AU - Takemoto, Y.

AU - Tanaka, H.

AU - Yano, T.

AU - Han, S.

AU - Kajita, T.

AU - Okumura, K.

AU - Tashiro, T.

AU - Tomiya, T.

AU - Wang, X.

AU - Yoshida, S.

AU - Fernandez, P.

AU - Labarga, L.

AU - Ospina, N.

AU - Zaldivar, B.

AU - Pointon, B. W.

AU - Kearns, E.

AU - Raaf, J. L.

AU - Wan, L.

AU - Wester, T.

AU - Bian, J.

AU - Griskevich, N. J.

AU - Locke, S.

AU - Smy, M. B.

AU - Sobel, H. W.

AU - Takhistov, V.

AU - Yankelevich, A.

AU - Hill, J.

AU - Jang, M. C.

AU - Lee, S. H.

AU - Moon, D. H.

AU - Park, R. G.

AU - Bodur, B.

AU - Scholberg, K.

AU - Walter, C. W.

AU - Beauchêne, A.

AU - Drapier, O.

AU - Giampaolo, A.

AU - Mueller, Th A.

AU - Santos, A. D.

AU - Paganini, P.

AU - Quilain, B.

AU - Nakamura, T.

AU - Jang, J. S.

AU - Machado, L. N.

AU - Learned, J. G.

AU - Choi, K.

AU - Iovine, N.

AU - Cao, S.

AU - Anthony, L. H.V.

AU - Martin, D.

AU - Prouse, N. W.

AU - Scott, M.

AU - Sztuc, A. A.

AU - Uchida, Y.

AU - Berardi, V.

AU - Calabria, N. F.

AU - Catanesi, M. G.

AU - Radicioni, E.

AU - Langella, A.

AU - De Rosa, G.

AU - Collazuol, G.

AU - Iacob, F.

AU - Mattiazzi, M.

AU - Ludovici, L.

AU - Gonin, M.

AU - Pronost, G.

AU - Fujisawa, C.

AU - Maekawa, Y.

AU - Nishimura, Y.

AU - Okazaki, R.

AU - Akutsu, R.

AU - Friend, M.

AU - Hasegawa, T.

AU - Ishida, T.

AU - Kobayashi, T.

AU - Jakkapu, M.

AU - Matsubara, T.

AU - Nakadaira, T.

AU - Nakamura, K.

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PY - 2024/1/1

Y1 - 2024/1/1

N2 - We report the first measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic (NCQE) cross section in the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) water Cherenkov detector. In June 2020, SK began a new experimental phase, named SK-Gd, by loading 0.011% by mass of gadolinium into the ultrapure water of the SK detector. The introduction of gadolinium to ultrapure water has the effect of improving the neutron-tagging efficiency. Using a 552.2 day dataset from August 2020 to June 2022, we measure the NCQE cross section to be 0.74±0.22(stat)-0.15+0.85(syst)×10-38 cm2/oxygen in the energy range from 160 MeV to 10 GeV, which is consistent with the atmospheric neutrino-flux-averaged theoretical NCQE cross section and the measurement in the SK pure-water phase within the uncertainties. Furthermore, we compare the models of the nucleon-nucleus interactions in water and find that the binary cascade model and the Liège intranuclear cascade model provide a somewhat better fit to the observed data than the Bertini cascade model. Since the atmospheric neutrino-oxygen NCQE reactions are one of the main backgrounds in the search for diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), these new results will contribute to future studies - and the potential discovery - of the DSNB in SK.

AB - We report the first measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic (NCQE) cross section in the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) water Cherenkov detector. In June 2020, SK began a new experimental phase, named SK-Gd, by loading 0.011% by mass of gadolinium into the ultrapure water of the SK detector. The introduction of gadolinium to ultrapure water has the effect of improving the neutron-tagging efficiency. Using a 552.2 day dataset from August 2020 to June 2022, we measure the NCQE cross section to be 0.74±0.22(stat)-0.15+0.85(syst)×10-38 cm2/oxygen in the energy range from 160 MeV to 10 GeV, which is consistent with the atmospheric neutrino-flux-averaged theoretical NCQE cross section and the measurement in the SK pure-water phase within the uncertainties. Furthermore, we compare the models of the nucleon-nucleus interactions in water and find that the binary cascade model and the Liège intranuclear cascade model provide a somewhat better fit to the observed data than the Bertini cascade model. Since the atmospheric neutrino-oxygen NCQE reactions are one of the main backgrounds in the search for diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), these new results will contribute to future studies - and the potential discovery - of the DSNB in SK.

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevD.109.L011101

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevD.109.L011101

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85183198822

SN - 2470-0010

VL - 109

JO - Physical Review D

JF - Physical Review D

IS - 1

M1 - L011101

ER -

Measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic cross section using atmospheric neutrinos in the SK-Gd experiment

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