Multicomponent fluid model for two-temperature plasmas derived from kinetic theory: application to magnetic reconnection

This contribution deals with the fluid modeling of multicomponent magnetized plasmas in thermo-chemical non-equilibrium from the partially- to fully-ionized collisional regimes, aiming at the predictive simulation of magnetic reconnection in Sun chromosphere conditions. Such fluid models are required for large-scale simulations by relying on high performance computing. The fluid model is derived from a kinetic theory approach, yielding a rigorous description of the dissipative and non-equilibrium effects and a well-identified mathematical structure. We start from a general system of equations that is obtained by means of a multiscale Chapman-Enskog method, based on a non-dimensional analysis accounting for the mass disparity between the electrons and heavy particles, including the influence of the electromagnetic field and transport properties. The latter are computed by using a spectral Galerkin method based on a converged Laguerre-Sonine polynomial approximation. Then, in the limit of small Debye length with respect to the characteristic scale in the Sun chromosphere, we derive a two-temperature single-momentum multicomponent diffusion model coupled to Maxwell's equations, which is able to describe fully- and partially-ionized plasmas, beyond the multi-fluid model of Braginskii, valid for the whole range of the Sun chromosphere conditions. The second contribution is the development and verification of an accurate and robust numerical strategy that is based on CanoP, a massively parallel code with adaptive mesh refinement capability, which is able to cope with the full spectrum of scales of the magnetic reconnection process, without additional constraint on the time steps compared to single-fluid Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) models. The final contribution is a study of the physics of magnetic reconnection in collaboration with the heliophysics team of NASA Ames Research Center. We show that the model and methods allow us to retrieve the results of usual single-fluid MHD models in the highly collisional case at equilibrium, while achieving a more detailed physics description relevant to such applications in the weakly collisional case, where non-equilibrium effects become important.