Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite

D. Kraus; A. Ravasio; M. Gauthier; D. O. Gericke; J. Vorberger; S. Frydrych; J. Helfrich; L. B. Fletcher; G. Schaumann; B. Nagler; B. Barbrel; B. Bachmann; E. J. Gamboa; S. Göde; E. Granados; G. Gregori; H. J. Lee; P. Neumayer; W. Schumaker; T. Döppner; R. W. Falcone; S. H. Glenzer; M. Roth

doi:10.1038/ncomms10970

Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite

D. Kraus, A. Ravasio, M. Gauthier, D. O. Gericke, J. Vorberger, S. Frydrych, J. Helfrich, L. B. Fletcher, G. Schaumann, B. Nagler, B. Barbrel, B. Bachmann, E. J. Gamboa, S. Göde, E. Granados, G. Gregori, H. J. Lee, P. Neumayer, W. Schumaker, T. DöppnerR. W. Falcone, S. H. Glenzer, M. Roth

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

The shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond has been of great scientific and technological interest since the discovery of microscopic diamonds in remnants of explosively driven graphite. Furthermore, shock synthesis of diamond and lonsdaleite, a speculative hexagonal carbon polymorph with unique hardness, is expected to happen during violent meteor impacts. Here, we show unprecedented in situ X-ray diffraction measurements of diamond formation on nanosecond timescales by shock compression of pyrolytic as well as polycrystalline graphite to pressures from 19 GPa up to 228 GPa. While we observe the transition to diamond starting at 50 GPa for both pyrolytic and polycrystalline graphite, we also record the direct formation of lonsdaleite above 170 GPa for pyrolytic samples only. Our experiment provides new insights into the processes of the shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond and uniquely resolves the dynamics that explain the main natural occurrence of the lonsdaleite crystal structure being close to meteor impact sites.

Original language	English
Article number	10970
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10970
Publication status	Published - 14 Mar 2016
Externally published	Yes

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Kraus, D., Ravasio, A., Gauthier, M., Gericke, D. O., Vorberger, J., Frydrych, S., Helfrich, J., Fletcher, L. B., Schaumann, G., Nagler, B., Barbrel, B., Bachmann, B., Gamboa, E. J., Göde, S., Granados, E., Gregori, G., Lee, H. J., Neumayer, P., Schumaker, W., ... Roth, M. (2016). Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite. Nature Communications, 7, Article 10970. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10970

@article{e7822125e234407ba1d8d12230e9973c,

title = "Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite",

abstract = "The shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond has been of great scientific and technological interest since the discovery of microscopic diamonds in remnants of explosively driven graphite. Furthermore, shock synthesis of diamond and lonsdaleite, a speculative hexagonal carbon polymorph with unique hardness, is expected to happen during violent meteor impacts. Here, we show unprecedented in situ X-ray diffraction measurements of diamond formation on nanosecond timescales by shock compression of pyrolytic as well as polycrystalline graphite to pressures from 19 GPa up to 228 GPa. While we observe the transition to diamond starting at 50 GPa for both pyrolytic and polycrystalline graphite, we also record the direct formation of lonsdaleite above 170 GPa for pyrolytic samples only. Our experiment provides new insights into the processes of the shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond and uniquely resolves the dynamics that explain the main natural occurrence of the lonsdaleite crystal structure being close to meteor impact sites.",

author = "D. Kraus and A. Ravasio and M. Gauthier and Gericke, \{D. O.\} and J. Vorberger and S. Frydrych and J. Helfrich and Fletcher, \{L. B.\} and G. Schaumann and B. Nagler and B. Barbrel and B. Bachmann and Gamboa, \{E. J.\} and S. G{\"o}de and E. Granados and G. Gregori and Lee, \{H. J.\} and P. Neumayer and W. Schumaker and T. D{\"o}ppner and Falcone, \{R. W.\} and Glenzer, \{S. H.\} and M. Roth",

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doi = "10.1038/ncomms10970",

language = "English",

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Kraus, D, Ravasio, A, Gauthier, M, Gericke, DO, Vorberger, J, Frydrych, S, Helfrich, J, Fletcher, LB, Schaumann, G, Nagler, B, Barbrel, B, Bachmann, B, Gamboa, EJ, Göde, S, Granados, E, Gregori, G, Lee, HJ, Neumayer, P, Schumaker, W, Döppner, T, Falcone, RW, Glenzer, SH & Roth, M 2016, 'Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite', Nature Communications, vol. 7, 10970. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10970

TY - JOUR

T1 - Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite

AU - Kraus, D.

AU - Ravasio, A.

AU - Gauthier, M.

AU - Gericke, D. O.

AU - Vorberger, J.

AU - Frydrych, S.

AU - Helfrich, J.

AU - Fletcher, L. B.

AU - Schaumann, G.

AU - Nagler, B.

AU - Barbrel, B.

AU - Bachmann, B.

AU - Gamboa, E. J.

AU - Göde, S.

AU - Granados, E.

AU - Gregori, G.

AU - Lee, H. J.

AU - Neumayer, P.

AU - Schumaker, W.

AU - Döppner, T.

AU - Falcone, R. W.

AU - Glenzer, S. H.

AU - Roth, M.

PY - 2016/3/14

Y1 - 2016/3/14

N2 - The shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond has been of great scientific and technological interest since the discovery of microscopic diamonds in remnants of explosively driven graphite. Furthermore, shock synthesis of diamond and lonsdaleite, a speculative hexagonal carbon polymorph with unique hardness, is expected to happen during violent meteor impacts. Here, we show unprecedented in situ X-ray diffraction measurements of diamond formation on nanosecond timescales by shock compression of pyrolytic as well as polycrystalline graphite to pressures from 19 GPa up to 228 GPa. While we observe the transition to diamond starting at 50 GPa for both pyrolytic and polycrystalline graphite, we also record the direct formation of lonsdaleite above 170 GPa for pyrolytic samples only. Our experiment provides new insights into the processes of the shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond and uniquely resolves the dynamics that explain the main natural occurrence of the lonsdaleite crystal structure being close to meteor impact sites.

AB - The shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond has been of great scientific and technological interest since the discovery of microscopic diamonds in remnants of explosively driven graphite. Furthermore, shock synthesis of diamond and lonsdaleite, a speculative hexagonal carbon polymorph with unique hardness, is expected to happen during violent meteor impacts. Here, we show unprecedented in situ X-ray diffraction measurements of diamond formation on nanosecond timescales by shock compression of pyrolytic as well as polycrystalline graphite to pressures from 19 GPa up to 228 GPa. While we observe the transition to diamond starting at 50 GPa for both pyrolytic and polycrystalline graphite, we also record the direct formation of lonsdaleite above 170 GPa for pyrolytic samples only. Our experiment provides new insights into the processes of the shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond and uniquely resolves the dynamics that explain the main natural occurrence of the lonsdaleite crystal structure being close to meteor impact sites.

U2 - 10.1038/ncomms10970

DO - 10.1038/ncomms10970

M3 - Article

C2 - 26972122

AN - SCOPUS:84960968061

SN - 2041-1723

VL - 7

JO - Nature Communications

JF - Nature Communications

M1 - 10970

ER -

Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite

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