Ocean heat content in 2024: Climate chronicles

Yuying Pan; Audrey Minière; Karina von Schuckmann; Zhi Li; Yuanlong Li; Lijing Cheng; Jiang Zhu

doi:10.1038/s43017-025-00655-0

Ocean heat content in 2024: Climate chronicles

Yuying Pan
, Audrey Minière
, Karina von Schuckmann
, Zhi Li
, Yuanlong Li
, Lijing Cheng
, Jiang Zhu

École Polytechnique

State key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application
Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences
MERCATOR-OCEAN
University of New South Wales
Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The 0–300 m, 300–700 m, 700–2,000 m and below-2,000 m layers are responsible for 42%, 22%, 29% and 7% of total OHC accumulated since 1960, respectively. OHC increased relative to 2023, with contributions of 9.9, 8.4, 2.6, –4.8 and –0.7 ZJ from the upper 2,000 m Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Pacific, and abyssal oceans below 2,000 m, respectively. The most vigorous ocean warming from 2023 to 2024 occurred in the Northwest Pacific, Southwest and East Indian oceans, and the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean.

Original language	English
Article number	22975
Pages (from-to)	249-251
Number of pages	3
Journal	Nature Reviews Earth and Environment
Volume	6
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-025-00655-0
Publication status	Published - 1 Apr 2025

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title = "Ocean heat content in 2024: Climate chronicles",

abstract = "The 0{\textendash}300 m, 300{\textendash}700 m, 700{\textendash}2,000 m and below-2,000 m layers are responsible for 42\%, 22\%, 29\% and 7\% of total OHC accumulated since 1960, respectively. OHC increased relative to 2023, with contributions of 9.9, 8.4, 2.6, {\textendash}4.8 and {\textendash}0.7 ZJ from the upper 2,000 m Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Pacific, and abyssal oceans below 2,000 m, respectively. The most vigorous ocean warming from 2023 to 2024 occurred in the Northwest Pacific, Southwest and East Indian oceans, and the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean.",

author = "Yuying Pan and Audrey Mini{\`e}re and \{von Schuckmann\}, Karina and Zhi Li and Yuanlong Li and Lijing Cheng and Jiang Zhu",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Springer Nature Limited 2025.",

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doi = "10.1038/s43017-025-00655-0",

language = "English",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Ocean heat content in 2024

T2 - Climate chronicles

AU - Pan, Yuying

AU - Minière, Audrey

AU - von Schuckmann, Karina

AU - Li, Zhi

AU - Li, Yuanlong

AU - Cheng, Lijing

AU - Zhu, Jiang

PY - 2025/4/1

Y1 - 2025/4/1

N2 - The 0–300 m, 300–700 m, 700–2,000 m and below-2,000 m layers are responsible for 42%, 22%, 29% and 7% of total OHC accumulated since 1960, respectively. OHC increased relative to 2023, with contributions of 9.9, 8.4, 2.6, –4.8 and –0.7 ZJ from the upper 2,000 m Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Pacific, and abyssal oceans below 2,000 m, respectively. The most vigorous ocean warming from 2023 to 2024 occurred in the Northwest Pacific, Southwest and East Indian oceans, and the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean.

AB - The 0–300 m, 300–700 m, 700–2,000 m and below-2,000 m layers are responsible for 42%, 22%, 29% and 7% of total OHC accumulated since 1960, respectively. OHC increased relative to 2023, with contributions of 9.9, 8.4, 2.6, –4.8 and –0.7 ZJ from the upper 2,000 m Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Pacific, and abyssal oceans below 2,000 m, respectively. The most vigorous ocean warming from 2023 to 2024 occurred in the Northwest Pacific, Southwest and East Indian oceans, and the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105003387741

U2 - 10.1038/s43017-025-00655-0

DO - 10.1038/s43017-025-00655-0

M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:105003387741

SN - 2662-138X

VL - 6

SP - 249

EP - 251

JO - Nature Reviews Earth and Environment

JF - Nature Reviews Earth and Environment

IS - 4

M1 - 22975

ER -

Ocean heat content in 2024: Climate chronicles

Abstract

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