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Overview of progress in European medium sized tokamaks towards an integrated plasma-edge/wall solution

  • H. Meyer
  • , T. Eich
  • , M. Beurskens
  • , S. Coda
  • , A. Hakola
  • , P. Martin
  • , J. Adamek
  • , M. Agostini
  • , D. Aguiam
  • , J. Ahn
  • , L. Aho-Mantila
  • , R. Akers
  • , R. Albanese
  • , R. Aledda
  • , E. Alessi
  • , S. Allan
  • , D. Alves
  • , R. Ambrosino
  • , L. Amicucci
  • , H. Anand
  • G. Anastassiou, Y. Andrèbe, C. Angioni, G. Apruzzese, M. Ariola, H. Arnichand, W. Arter, A. Baciero, M. Barnes, L. Barrera, R. Behn, A. Bencze, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, P. Bettini, P. Bilková, W. Bin, G. Birkenmeier, J. P.S. Bizarro, P. Blanchard, T. Blanken, M. Bluteau, V. Bobkov, O. Bogar, P. Böhm, T. Bolzonella, L. Boncagni, A. Botrugno, C. Bottereau, F. Bouquey, C. Bourdelle, S. Brémond, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, J. Buchanan, H. Bufferand, P. Buratti, P. Cahyna, G. Calabrò, Y. Camenen, R. Caniello, B. Cannas, A. Canton, A. Cardinali, D. Carnevale, M. Carr, D. Carralero, P. Carvalho, L. Casali, C. Castaldo, F. Castejón, R. Castro, F. Causa, R. Cavazzana, M. Cavedon, M. Cecconello, S. Ceccuzzi, R. Cesario, C. D. Challis, I. T. Chapman, S. Chapman, M. Chernyshova, D. Choi, C. Cianfarani, G. Ciraolo, J. Citrin, F. Clairet, I. Classen, R. Coelho, J. W. Coenen, L. Colas, G. Conway, Y. Corre, S. Costea, F. Crisanti, N. Cruz, G. Cseh, A. Czarnecka, O. D'Arcangelo, M. De Angeli, G. De Masi, G. De Temmerman, G. De Tommasi, J. Decker, R. S. Delogu, R. Dendy, P. Denner, C. Di Troia, M. Dimitrova, R. D'Inca, V. Dorić, D. Douai, A. Drenik, B. Dudson, D. Dunai, M. Dunne, B. P. Duval, L. Easy, S. Elmore, B. Erdös, B. Esposito, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, A. Fanni, N. Fedorczak, F. Felici, J. Ferreira, O. Février, O. Ficker, S. Fietz, L. Figini, A. Figueiredo, A. Fil, G. Fishpool, M. Fitzgerald, M. Fontana, O. Ford, L. Frassinetti, R. Fridström, D. Frigione, G. Fuchert, C. Fuchs, M. Furno Palumbo, S. Futatani, L. Gabellieri, K. Gałazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, S. Galeani, D. Gallart, A. Gallo, C. Galperti, Y. Gao, S. Garavaglia, J. Garcia, A. Garcia-Carrasco, J. Garcia-Lopez, M. Garcia-Munoz, J. L. Gardarein, L. Garzotti, J. Gaspar, E. Gauthier, P. Geelen, B. Geiger, P. Ghendrih, F. Ghezzi, L. Giacomelli, L. Giannone, E. Giovannozzi, C. Giroud, C. Gleason González, M. Gobbin, T. P. Goodman, G. Gorini, M. Gospodarczyk, G. Granucci, M. Gruber, A. Gude, L. Guimarais, R. Guirlet, J. Gunn, P. Hacek, S. Hacquin, S. Hall, C. Ham, T. Happel, J. Harrison, D. Harting, V. Hauer, E. Havlickova, T. Hellsten, W. Helou, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, M. Heyn, B. Hnat, M. Hölzl, D. Hogeweij, C. Honoré, C. Hopf, J. Horáček, G. Hornung, L. Horváth, Z. Huang, A. Huber, J. Igitkhanov, V. Igochine, M. Imrisek, P. Innocente, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, H. Isliker, I. Ivanova-Stanik, A. S. Jacobsen, P. Jacquet, M. Jakubowski, A. Jardin, F. Jaulmes, F. Jenko, T. Jensen, O. Jeppe Miki Busk, M. Jessen, E. Joffrin, O. Jones, T. Jonsson, A. Kallenbach, N. Kallinikos, S. Kálvin, A. Kappatou, J. Karhunen, A. Karpushov, S. Kasilov, G. Kasprowicz, A. Kendl, W. Kernbichler, D. Kim, A. Kirk, S. Kjer, I. Klimek, G. Kocsis, D. Kogut, M. Komm, S. B. Korsholm, H. R. Koslowski, M. Koubiti, J. Kovacic, K. Kovarik, N. Krawczyk, J. Krbec, K. Krieger, A. Krivska, R. Kube, O. Kudlacek, T. Kurki-Suonio, B. Labit, F. M. Laggner, L. Laguardia, A. Lahtinen, P. Lalousis, P. Lang, P. Lauber, N. Lazányi, A. Lazaros, H. B. Le, A. Lebschy, J. Leddy, L. Lefévre, M. Lehnen, F. Leipold, A. Lessig, M. Leyland, L. Li, Y. Liang, B. Lipschultz, Y. Q. Liu, T. Loarer, A. Loarte, T. Loewenhoff, B. Lomanowski, V. P. Loschiavo, T. Lunt, I. Lupelli, H. Lux, A. Lyssoivan, J. Madsen, P. Maget, C. Maggi, R. Maggiora, M. L. Magnussen, J. Mailloux, B. Maljaars, A. Malygin, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, M. Maraschek, B. Marchand, N. Marconato, C. Marini, M. Marinucci, T. Markovic, D. Marocco, L. Marrelli, Y. Martin, J. R. Martin Solis, A. Martitsch, S. Mastrostefano, M. Mattei, G. Matthews, M. Mavridis, M. L. Mayoral, D. Mazon, P. McCarthy, R. McAdams, G. McArdle, P. McCarthy, K. McClements, R. McDermott, B. McMillan, G. Meisl, A. Merle, O. Meyer, D. Milanesio, F. Militello, I. G. Miron, K. Mitosinkova, J. Mlynar, A. Mlynek, D. Molina, P. Molina, I. Monakhov, J. Morales, D. Moreau, P. Morel, J. M. Moret, A. Moro, D. Moulton, H. W. Müller, F. Nabais, E. Nardon, V. Naulin, A. Nemes-Czopf, F. Nespoli, R. Neu, A. H. Nielsen, S. K. Nielsen, V. Nikolaeva, S. Nimb, M. Nocente, R. Nouailletas, S. Nowak, M. Oberkofler, M. Oberparleiter, R. Ochoukov, T. Odstrčil, J. Olsen, J. Omotani, M. G. O'Mullane, F. Orain, N. Osterman, R. Paccagnella, S. Pamela, L. Pangione, M. Panjan, G. Papp, R. Papřok, V. Parail, F. I. Parra, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, S. P. Pehkonen, A. Pereira, E. Perelli Cippo, V. Pericoli Ridolfini, M. Peterka, P. Petersson, V. Petrzilka, P. Piovesan, C. Piron, A. Pironti, F. Pisano, T. Pisokas, R. Pitts, I. Ploumistakis, V. Plyusnin, G. Pokol, D. Poljak, P. Pölöskei, Z. Popovic, G. Pór, L. Porte, S. Potzel, I. Predebon, M. Preynas, G. Primc, G. Pucella, M. E. Puiatti, T. Pütterich, M. Rack, G. Ramogida, C. Rapson, J. Juul Rasmussen, J. Rasmussen, G. A. Rattá, S. Ratynskaia, G. Ravera, D. Réfy, M. Reich, H. Reimerdes, F. Reimold, M. Reinke, D. Reiser, M. Resnik, C. Reux, D. Ripamonti, D. Rittich, G. Riva, M. Rodriguez-Ramos, V. Rohde, J. Rosato, F. Ryter, S. Saarelma, R. Sabot, F. Saint-Laurent, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, D. Samaddar, L. Sanchis-Sanchez, J. Santos, O. Sauter, R. Scannell, M. Scheffer, M. Schneider, B. Schneider, P. Schneider, M. Schneller, R. Schrittwieser, M. Schubert, J. Schweinzer, J. Seidl, M. Sertoli, S. Šesnić, A. Shabbir, A. Shalpegin, B. Shanahan, S. Sharapov, U. Sheikh, G. Sias, B. Sieglin, C. Silva, A. Silva, M. Silva Fuglister, J. Simpson, A. Snicker, C. Sommariva, C. Sozzi, S. Spagnolo, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, T. Stange, M. Stejner Pedersen, I. Stepanov, J. Stober, P. Strand, A. Šušnjara, W. Suttrop, T. Szepesi, B. Tál, T. Tala, P. Tamain, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, A. Teplukhina, D. Terranova, D. Testa, C. Theiler, A. Thornton, P. Tolias, L. Tophj, W. Treutterer, G. L. Trevisan, M. Tripsky, C. Tsironis, C. Tsui, O. Tudisco, A. Uccello, J. Urban, M. Valisa, P. Vallejos, M. Valovic, H. Van Den Brand, B. Vanovac, S. Varoutis, S. Vartanian, J. Vega, G. Verdoolaege, K. Verhaegh, L. Vermare, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, E. Viezzer, L. Vignitchouk, W. A.J. Vijvers, F. Villone, B. Viola, L. Vlahos, I. Voitsekhovitch, P. Vondráček, N. M.T. Vu, D. Wagner, N. Walkden, N. Wang, T. Wauters, M. Weiland, V. Weinzettl, E. Westerhof, M. Wiesenberger, M. Willensdorfer, M. Wischmeier, I. Wodniak, E. Wolfrum, D. Yadykin, R. Zagórski, I. Zammuto, P. Zanca, R. Zaplotnik, P. Zestanakis, W. Zhang, S. Zoletnik, M. Zuin
  • Culham Centre for Fusion Energy
  • Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik
  • ENAC-IIC-GEL
  • VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd
  • Consorzio Rfx
  • Institute of Plasma Physics AS CR
  • Instituto Superior Técnico
  • CEA Cadarache
  • University of Naples Federico II
  • Universitá di Cagliari
  • IFP-CNR
  • Università di Napoli Parthenope
  • ENEA Centro Ricerche Frascati
  • National Technical University of Athens
  • Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión
  • University of Oxford
  • EUROfusion PMU
  • University of Seville
  • Wigner Research Centre for Physics
  • Technical University of Eindhoven
  • University of Strathclyde
  • Research Centre Julich
  • Nancy Université
  • Aix-Marseille Université
  • University of Rome “Tor Vergata”
  • Uppsala University
  • University of Warwick
  • Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies
  • Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research
  • University of Innsbruck
  • ITER
  • Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split
  • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology
  • University of York
  • Budapest University of Technology and Economics
  • KTH Royal Institute of Technology
  • Earth Sciences
  • Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research
  • University of Milano-Bicocca
  • Graz University of Technology
  • Koninklijke Militaire School - Ecole Royale Militaire
  • Ghent University
  • Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
  • Technical University of Denmark
  • Aalto University
  • Vienna University of Technology
  • University of Helsinki
  • Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas
  • LTHE (UMR 5564 CNRS/IRD/Université de Grenoble)
  • Durham University
  • Politecnico di Torino
  • Pompeu Fabra University (UPF)
  • Università di Cassino
  • University College Cork
  • Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR)
  • Chalmers University of Technology

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

67 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Integrating the plasma core performance with an edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) that leads to tolerable heat and particle loads on the wall is a major challenge. The new European medium size tokamak task force (EU-MST) coordinates research on ASDEX Upgrade (AUG), MAST and TCV. This multi-machine approach within EU-MST, covering a wide parameter range, is instrumental to progress in the field, as ITER and DEMO core/pedestal and SOL parameters are not achievable simultaneously in present day devices. A two prong approach is adopted. On the one hand, scenarios with tolerable transient heat and particle loads, including active edge localised mode (ELM) control are developed. On the other hand, divertor solutions including advanced magnetic configurations are studied. Considerable progress has been made on both approaches, in particular in the fields of: ELM control with resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP), small ELM regimes, detachment onset and control, as well as filamentary scrape-off-layer transport. For example full ELM suppression has now been achieved on AUG at low collisionality with n = 2 RMP maintaining good confinement . Advances have been made with respect to detachment onset and control. Studies in advanced divertor configurations (Snowflake, Super-X and X-point target divertor) shed new light on SOL physics. Cross field filamentary transport has been characterised in a wide parameter regime on AUG, MAST and TCV progressing the theoretical and experimental understanding crucial for predicting first wall loads in ITER and DEMO. Conditions in the SOL also play a crucial role for ELM stability and access to small ELM regimes.

Original languageEnglish
Article number102014
JournalNuclear Fusion
Volume57
Issue number10
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 28 Jun 2017

Keywords

  • ASDEX upgrade
  • MAST
  • TCV
  • alternative divertor concepts
  • divertor
  • edge localised modes
  • heat loads

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