Parisar: Patch-Based Estimation and Regularized Inversion for Multibaseline SAR Interferometry

Reconstruction of elevation maps from a collection of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images obtained in interferometric configuration is a challenging task. Reconstruction methods must overcome two difficulties: The strong interferometric noise that contaminates the data and the 2 π phase ambiguities. Interferometric noise requires some form of smoothing among pixels of identical height. Phase ambiguities can be solved, up to a point, by combining linkage to the neighbors and a global optimization strategy to prevent from being trapped in local minima. This paper introduces a reconstruction method, Parisar, that achieves both a resolution-preserving denoising and a robust phase unwrapping (PhU) by combining nonlocal denoising methods based on patch similarities and total-variation regularization. The optimization algorithm, based on graph cuts, identifies the global optimum. Combining patch-based speckle reduction methods and regularization-based PhU requires solving several issues: 1) computational complexity, the inclusion of nonlocal neighborhoods strongly increasing the number of terms involved during the regularization, and 2) adaptation to varying neighborhoods, patch comparison leading to large neighborhoods in homogeneous regions and much sparser neighborhoods in some geometrical structures. Parisar solves both issues. We compare Parisar with other reconstruction methods both on numerical simulations and satellite images and show a qualitative and quantitative improvement over state-of-the-art reconstruction methods for multibaseline SAR interferometry.