PKIs in C-ITS: Security functions, architectures and projects: A survey

In the smart cities context, Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) represent one of the main use cases that aim to improve peoples' daily lives. Within these environments, messages are exchanged continuously. The latter must be secure and must ensure users' privacy. In this regard, Public Key Infrastructures (PKIs) represent the major solution to meet security needs. In this work, we present a holistic survey that describes all the different functions and services of a C-ITS PKI and focus on the different standards and consortia works that have been adopted to regulate such PKIs. Relying on the survey, we highlight the main research problems and open challenges for ITS PKIs. Then, we propose a generic model for a C-ITS PKI architecture.