Quantifying East Asian Summer Monsoon Dynamics in the ECP4.5 Scenario With Reference to the Mid-Piacenzian Warm Period

The mid-Piacenzian (~3.3–3.0 Ma), which was characterized by high pCO₂ (~400 ppm) and global surface air temperatures that were 1.84–3.60 °C above pre-Industrial levels, provides clues to the likely changes in atmospheric dynamics in a future climate affected by anthropogenic warming, although its suitability as an analogue of the future climate has yet to be assessed. This study investigates the extent to which the dynamics of the East Asian summer monsoon during the mid-Piacenzian can aid our understanding of East Asian summer monsoon behavior in the Extended Concentration Pathway version 4.5 scenario, using water vapor and moist static energy equations. The temperature-dependent large-scale moisture transport explains the similar pattern of precipitation increase in the two climates, whereas regional patterns of vertical motion differ significantly. Two of the main terms of the moist static energy equation control the changes in regional dynamics relative to the pre-Industrial period. These terms relate to zonal advection of stationary eddy dry enthalpy by the mean zonal wind and meridional stationary eddy velocity over East Asia. Topographic differences between the two cases have a negligible effect on regional precipitation.