Recent advances in TiO₂ films prepared by sol-gel methods for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and antibacterial activities

Photocatalysis has recently emerged as an advanced, green, and eco-friendly process for the treatment of wastewater and air, and antimicrobial disinfection applications. In this context, TiO₂ nanostructures have been shown to be the prominent photocatalyst candidates due to their low cost, non-toxicity, and ease of fabrication. This review highlights the investigation and development of TiO₂ photocatalyst film by sol-gel method with special emphasis on the photodecolorization of synthetic dyes and antibacterial activities. Furthermore, various synthesis methods for the preparation of TiO₂ films and their advantages, as well as limitations, are summarized. Finally, recent advances in TiO₂ films by sol-gel method for dye degradation and antibacterial activities, challenges, and future perspective are discussed.