Search for Gravitational Waves Emitted from SN2023ixf

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration; the Virgo Collaboration; the KAGRA Collaboration

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adc681

Search for Gravitational Waves Emitted from SN2023ixf

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration
, the Virgo Collaboration
, the KAGRA Collaboration

Max-Planck-Institut fuer Gravitationsphysik
California Institute of Technology
LIGO Hanford
Dipartimento di Farmacia
University of Salerno
INFN Sezione di Napoli
University of Warwick
Pennsylvania State University
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Louisiana State University
University of Louvain
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics India
Queen Mary University of London
Physics and Astronomy
Sejong University
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
Stanford University
University of Rome “Tor Vergata”
INFN Roma Tor Vergata
Cardiff University
University of Antwerp
National Astronomical Observatory
Advanced Technology Center
INFN Sezione di Torino
Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut
Friedrich-Schiller University
Dipartimento di Fisica
University of Turin
University of Glasgow
The University of Western Australia
CNRS
Université Savoie Mont Blanc
University of Naples Federico II
Australian National University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Maastricht University
Science Park 105
Université Libre de Bruxelles
Aix Marseille Univ
Institut Fresnel
Université Paris-Saclay
University of Tokyo
University of Barcelona
Institut de Física D Altes Energies (IFAE)
The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Leibniz Universität Hannover
Gran Sasso Science Institute
University of Florida
Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche
and Physics University of Udine
INFN Sezione di Trieste
Tecnologico de Monterrey
Université Côte d’Azur
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research
INFN Sezione di Perugia
University of Camerino
University of Washington
Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

16 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19, during the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered ∼14% of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz, where we assume the gravitational-wave emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy 1 × 10⁻⁴ M_⊙c² and luminosity 2.6 × 10⁻⁴ M_⊙c² s⁻¹ for a source emitting at 82 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as 1.08, at frequencies above 1200 Hz, surpassing past results.

Original language	English
Article number	183
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	985
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc681
Publication status	Published - 1 Jun 2025
Externally published	Yes

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10.3847/1538-4357/adc681

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@article{6935e85e3b8e4ba89cfd4a65d8af1251,

title = "Search for Gravitational Waves Emitted from SN2023ixf",

abstract = "We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19, during the LIGO{\textendash}Virgo{\textendash}KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered ∼14\% of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz, where we assume the gravitational-wave emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy 1 {\texttimes} 10−4 M⊙c2 and luminosity 2.6 {\texttimes} 10−4 M⊙c2 s−1 for a source emitting at 82 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as 1.08, at frequencies above 1200 Hz, surpassing past results.",

author = "\{The LIGO Scientific Collaboration\} and \{the Virgo Collaboration\} and \{the KAGRA Collaboration\} and Abac, \{A. G.\} and R. Abbott and I. Abouelfettouh and F. Acernese and K. Ackley and S. Adhicary and N. Adhikari and Adhikari, \{R. X.\} and Adkins, \{V. K.\} and D. Agarwal and M. Agathos and \{Aghaei Abchouyeh\}, M. and Aguiar, \{O. D.\} and I. Aguilar and L. Aiello and A. Ain and T. Akutsu and S. Albanesi and Alfaidi, \{R. A.\} and A. Al-Jodah and C. All{\'e}n{\'e} and A. Allocca and S. Al-Shammari and Altin, \{P. A.\} and S. Alvarez-Lopez and A. Amato and L. Amez-Droz and A. Amorosi and C. Amra and A. Ananyeva and Anderson, \{S. B.\} and Anderson, \{W. G.\} and M. Andia and M. Ando and T. Andrade and N. Andres and M. Andr{\'e}s-Carcasona and T. Andri{\'c} and J. Anglin and S. Ansoldi and Antelis, \{J. M.\} and S. Antier and M. Aoumi and Appavuravther, \{E. Z.\} and S. Appert and Apple, \{S. K.\} and K. Arai and A. Araya and Araya, \{M. C.\} and S. Chaty",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025. The Author(s).",

year = "2025",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/adc681",

language = "English",

volume = "985",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Search for Gravitational Waves Emitted from SN2023ixf

AU - The LIGO Scientific Collaboration

AU - the Virgo Collaboration

AU - the KAGRA Collaboration

AU - Abac, A. G.

AU - Abbott, R.

AU - Abouelfettouh, I.

AU - Acernese, F.

AU - Ackley, K.

AU - Adhicary, S.

AU - Adhikari, N.

AU - Adhikari, R. X.

AU - Adkins, V. K.

AU - Agarwal, D.

AU - Agathos, M.

AU - Aghaei Abchouyeh, M.

AU - Aguiar, O. D.

AU - Aguilar, I.

AU - Aiello, L.

AU - Ain, A.

AU - Akutsu, T.

AU - Albanesi, S.

AU - Alfaidi, R. A.

AU - Al-Jodah, A.

AU - Alléné, C.

AU - Allocca, A.

AU - Al-Shammari, S.

AU - Altin, P. A.

AU - Alvarez-Lopez, S.

AU - Amato, A.

AU - Amez-Droz, L.

AU - Amorosi, A.

AU - Amra, C.

AU - Ananyeva, A.

AU - Anderson, S. B.

AU - Anderson, W. G.

AU - Andia, M.

AU - Ando, M.

AU - Andrade, T.

AU - Andres, N.

AU - Andrés-Carcasona, M.

AU - Andrić, T.

AU - Anglin, J.

AU - Ansoldi, S.

AU - Antelis, J. M.

AU - Antier, S.

AU - Aoumi, M.

AU - Appavuravther, E. Z.

AU - Appert, S.

AU - Apple, S. K.

AU - Arai, K.

AU - Araya, A.

AU - Araya, M. C.

AU - Chaty, S.

PY - 2025/6/1

Y1 - 2025/6/1

N2 - We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19, during the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered ∼14% of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz, where we assume the gravitational-wave emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy 1 × 10−4 M⊙c2 and luminosity 2.6 × 10−4 M⊙c2 s−1 for a source emitting at 82 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as 1.08, at frequencies above 1200 Hz, surpassing past results.

AB - We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19, during the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered ∼14% of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz, where we assume the gravitational-wave emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy 1 × 10−4 M⊙c2 and luminosity 2.6 × 10−4 M⊙c2 s−1 for a source emitting at 82 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as 1.08, at frequencies above 1200 Hz, surpassing past results.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105006750730

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/adc681

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/adc681

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105006750730

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 985

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 2

M1 - 183

ER -

Search for Gravitational Waves Emitted from SN2023ixf

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