Shape optimization under uncertainty of morphing airfoils

This paper is devoted to the formulation of a novel optimization under uncertainty framework for the definition of optimal shapes for morphing airfoils, applied here to advancing/retreating 2D airfoils. In particular, the morphing strategy is conceived with the intent of changing the shape at a given frequency to enhance aerodynamic performance. The optimization of morphing airfoils presented here only takes into account the aerodynamic performance. The paper is then focused on an aerodynamic optimization to set the optimal shape with respect to performance, where technological aspects are inserted through geometrical constraints. In fact, this paper presents an exploratory work on morphing geometries which aims at understanding the relationship between shape degree of freedom and actual aerodynamic gain. Thus, exploring and demonstrating the gain of the aerodynamic shape may drive the development of new mechanism for the realization of morphing structures, which could be applied to helicopter rotor blades.