Shared mobility systems: an updated survey

Transportation habits have been significantly modified in the past decade by the introduction of shared mobility systems. These have emerged as a partial response to the need of resorting to green means of transportation and to the desire of being more flexible in the choice of trips, both from a spatial and a temporal point of view. On the one hand, shared mobility systems have taken advantage of the interest of riders for shared experiences. On the other hand, their success has been possible as a result of the recent advances in information and communications technology. The operational research community is already very active in this emerging field, which provides a very rich source of new and interesting challenges, covering several planning levels, from strategic to operational ones, such as station location, station sizing, rebalancing routes. A fascinating feature of this field is the variety of the methods used to deal with these questions. Our purpose is to survey the main problems and methods arising in this field.