Simulation of aerosols and gas-phase species over Europe with the Polyphemus system: Part I-Model-to-data comparison for 2001

This paper aims at presenting a validation of multi-pollutants over Europe with a focus on aerosols. Chemistry-Transport Models are now used for forecast and emission reduction studies not only for gas-phase species but also for aerosols. Comprehensive model-to-data comparisons are therefore required. We present in this paper a preliminary validation study of the Polyphemus system applied over Europe for 2001. The aerosol model is the SIze REsolved Aerosol Model (SIREAM). It is a sectional model that describes the temporal evolution of the size/composition distribution of atmospheric particles containing a mix of black carbon, mineral dust, inorganic species, and primary and secondary organics. In addition to a brief model description, we present an overview of the model validation. A comprehensive set of model-to-data statistics is computed with observational data extracted from three European databases (the EMEP, AirBase and BDQA databases). Model performance criteria are verified for ozone and particulate matter (PM) and its inorganic components. Comparisons of correlations and root mean square errors with those generated by other models run over Europe for 2001 indicate a good performance of the Polyphemus system. Modifications of the system configuration and parameterizations may have a significant impact on error statistics, which may question the robustness of such models. Because large differences exist between databases, the robustness of model-to-data error statistics is also investigated.