TY - GEN
T1 - SoK
T2 - 7th International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications, BCCA 2025
AU - Tovanich, Natkamon
AU - Sas, Madalina I.
AU - Lebrun, Christophe
AU - Thadthapong, Munthitra
AU - Knottenbelt, William J.
AU - Gaudinat, Arnaud
AU - Mattavelli, Marco
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 IEEE.
PY - 2025/1/1
Y1 - 2025/1/1
N2 - Over the last 15 years, blockchain technologies have evolved into a heterogeneous ecosystem with numerous practical applications. The diversity of blockchain data models ranging from UTxO-based to account-based systems and evolving towards smart contract platforms - has led to fragmentation in how blockchain data is stored, accessed, and analysed. This heterogeneity hinders interoperability, complicates cross-chain analytics, and limits reproducibility in blockchain research. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of blockchain data unification, covering a wide range of academic and commercial approaches. We examine their underlying data structures and identify key limitations in existing solutions. Building on these insights, we propose a unified data model that abstracts and flattens token transfer data while capturing the semantics of both UTxO and account-based paradigms. We conclude by outlining future research directions to further validate and extend this model across diverse blockchain ecosystems.
AB - Over the last 15 years, blockchain technologies have evolved into a heterogeneous ecosystem with numerous practical applications. The diversity of blockchain data models ranging from UTxO-based to account-based systems and evolving towards smart contract platforms - has led to fragmentation in how blockchain data is stored, accessed, and analysed. This heterogeneity hinders interoperability, complicates cross-chain analytics, and limits reproducibility in blockchain research. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of blockchain data unification, covering a wide range of academic and commercial approaches. We examine their underlying data structures and identify key limitations in existing solutions. Building on these insights, we propose a unified data model that abstracts and flattens token transfer data while capturing the semantics of both UTxO and account-based paradigms. We conclude by outlining future research directions to further validate and extend this model across diverse blockchain ecosystems.
KW - blockchain data
KW - data structure
KW - distributed ledger technology
KW - public blockchain
KW - standardisation
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105026956787
U2 - 10.1109/BCCA66705.2025.11229695
DO - 10.1109/BCCA66705.2025.11229695
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:105026956787
T3 - 2025 7th International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications, BCCA 2025
SP - 310
EP - 325
BT - 2025 7th International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications, BCCA 2025
PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Y2 - 14 October 2025 through 17 October 2025
ER -