Spectral asymptotics and metastability for the linear relaxation Boltzmann equation

We consider the linear relaxation Boltzmann equation in a semiclassical framework. We construct a family of sharp quasimodes for the associated operator which yields sharp spectral asymptotics for its small spectrum in the low temperature regime. We deduce some information on the long time behavior of the solutions with a sharp estimate on the return to equilibrium as well as a quantitative metastability result. The main novelty is that the collision operator is a pseudo-differential operator in the critical class S¹⁼² and that its action on the Gaussian quasimodes yields a superposition of exponentials.