State of the art two-dimensional materials-based photodetectors: Prospects, challenges and future outlook

The study of light at the nanoscale, known as nanophotonics, has become a vibrant field of research. Recently, researchers are being focused to regulate the flow of light at length scales beyond the optical wavelength, mainly outstripping the classical limits constraints by diffraction. In this regard, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures sculpted from metallic and insulating materials can refract, filter, scatter, and process light in intriguing ways, never possible before in conventional materials and traditional geometries. This control over light-matter interaction at nanoscale has not only unveiled new phenomena but has also launched variety of novel applications, developing new strategies for integrated circuitry, energy harvesting and electro-optical technologies, establishing high expectations for future innovative discoveries.