Status and Prospect of SK-Gd Project

Super-Kamiokande Collaboration

Status and Prospect of SK-Gd Project

Super-Kamiokande Collaboration

Okayama University
York College/The City University of New York
University of Tokyo
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
British Columbia Institute of Technology
TRIUMF
Boston University
Long Beach VA and University of California
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
California State University, Dominguez Hills
Chonnam National University
Duke University
Ip Paris
Gifu University
Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
University of Glasgow
University of Hawaii
Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
ICISE
Imperial College London
Politecnico di Bari
University of Naples Federico II
University of Padova
University of Rome
Keio University
King's College London
Kobe University
Kyoto University
University of Liverpool
Miyagi University of Education
Nagoya University
National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ)
Stony Brook University
Osaka Electro-Communication University
University of Oxford
CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Seoul National University
The University of Sheffield
Shizuoka University of Welfare
Sungkyunkwan University
Tohoku University
Tokai University
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Tokyo University of Science
University of Victoria
Tsinghua University
University of Warsaw
University of Warwick
University of Winnipeg
Yokohama National University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference article › peer-review

Abstract

In 2020, a new phase of Super-Kamiokande experiment, SK-Gd, was started by loading gadolinium into the pure water. This led to a high neutron detection efficiency, which allows us to distinguish different neutrino reactions, enhance signals and remove backgrounds more efficiently. In the summer of 2022, an update of SK-Gd was done by adding additional Gd, and thus totally 39 tonnes of gadolinium sulfate octahydrate has been introduced in the water. The Gd concentration was estimated as 0.0332±0.0002% based on the dissolved weight of gadolinium sulfate octahydrate powder. It is consistent with the result of the direct sampling from the detector as 334 ± 4 ppm. The spallation neutron measurement and AmBe calibration confirms the shorter capture time constant and higher capture event rate due to the second loading. Therefore, we achieved 1.5 times higher than that of the first loaded phase as expected.

Original language	English
Article number	983
Journal	Proceedings of Science
Volume	444
Publication status	Published - 27 Sept 2024
Event	38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023 - Nagoya, Japan Duration: 26 Jul 2023 → 3 Aug 2023

Cite this

@article{3f6ad6df127044d293ea705469399d17,

title = "Status and Prospect of SK-Gd Project",

abstract = "In 2020, a new phase of Super-Kamiokande experiment, SK-Gd, was started by loading gadolinium into the pure water. This led to a high neutron detection efficiency, which allows us to distinguish different neutrino reactions, enhance signals and remove backgrounds more efficiently. In the summer of 2022, an update of SK-Gd was done by adding additional Gd, and thus totally 39 tonnes of gadolinium sulfate octahydrate has been introduced in the water. The Gd concentration was estimated as 0.0332±0.0002\% based on the dissolved weight of gadolinium sulfate octahydrate powder. It is consistent with the result of the direct sampling from the detector as 334 ± 4 ppm. The spallation neutron measurement and AmBe calibration confirms the shorter capture time constant and higher capture event rate due to the second loading. Therefore, we achieved 1.5 times higher than that of the first loaded phase as expected.",

author = "\{Super-Kamiokande Collaboration\} and Y. Hino and K. Abe and C. Bronner and Y. Hayato and K. Hiraide and K. Hosokawa and K. Ieki and M. Ikeda and J. Kameda and Y. Kanemura and R. Kaneshima and Y. Kashiwagi and Y. Kataoka and S. Miki and S. Mine and M. Miura and S. Moriyama and Y. Nakano and M. Nakahata and S. Nakayama and Y. Noguchi and K. Sato and H. Sekiya and H. Shiba and K. Shimizu and M. Shiozawa and Y. Sonoda and Y. Suzuki and A. Takeda and Y. Takemoto and H. Tanaka and T. Yano and S. Han and T. Kajita and K. Okumura and T. Tashiro and T. Tomiya and X. Wang and S. Yoshida and P. Fernandez and L. Labarga and N. Ospina and B. Zaldivar and Pointon, \{B. W.\} and E. Kearns and Raaf, \{J. L.\} and O. Drapier and P. Paganini and B. Quilain and M. Gonin",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.; 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023 ; Conference date: 26-07-2023 Through 03-08-2023",

year = "2024",

month = sep,

day = "27",

language = "English",

volume = "444",

journal = "Proceedings of Science",

issn = "1824-8039",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Status and Prospect of SK-Gd Project

AU - Super-Kamiokande Collaboration

AU - Hino, Y.

AU - Abe, K.

AU - Bronner, C.

AU - Hayato, Y.

AU - Hiraide, K.

AU - Hosokawa, K.

AU - Ieki, K.

AU - Ikeda, M.

AU - Kameda, J.

AU - Kanemura, Y.

AU - Kaneshima, R.

AU - Kashiwagi, Y.

AU - Kataoka, Y.

AU - Miki, S.

AU - Mine, S.

AU - Miura, M.

AU - Moriyama, S.

AU - Nakano, Y.

AU - Nakahata, M.

AU - Nakayama, S.

AU - Noguchi, Y.

AU - Sato, K.

AU - Sekiya, H.

AU - Shiba, H.

AU - Shimizu, K.

AU - Shiozawa, M.

AU - Sonoda, Y.

AU - Suzuki, Y.

AU - Takeda, A.

AU - Takemoto, Y.

AU - Tanaka, H.

AU - Yano, T.

AU - Han, S.

AU - Kajita, T.

AU - Okumura, K.

AU - Tashiro, T.

AU - Tomiya, T.

AU - Wang, X.

AU - Yoshida, S.

AU - Fernandez, P.

AU - Labarga, L.

AU - Ospina, N.

AU - Zaldivar, B.

AU - Pointon, B. W.

AU - Kearns, E.

AU - Raaf, J. L.

AU - Drapier, O.

AU - Paganini, P.

AU - Quilain, B.

AU - Gonin, M.

PY - 2024/9/27

Y1 - 2024/9/27

N2 - In 2020, a new phase of Super-Kamiokande experiment, SK-Gd, was started by loading gadolinium into the pure water. This led to a high neutron detection efficiency, which allows us to distinguish different neutrino reactions, enhance signals and remove backgrounds more efficiently. In the summer of 2022, an update of SK-Gd was done by adding additional Gd, and thus totally 39 tonnes of gadolinium sulfate octahydrate has been introduced in the water. The Gd concentration was estimated as 0.0332±0.0002% based on the dissolved weight of gadolinium sulfate octahydrate powder. It is consistent with the result of the direct sampling from the detector as 334 ± 4 ppm. The spallation neutron measurement and AmBe calibration confirms the shorter capture time constant and higher capture event rate due to the second loading. Therefore, we achieved 1.5 times higher than that of the first loaded phase as expected.

AB - In 2020, a new phase of Super-Kamiokande experiment, SK-Gd, was started by loading gadolinium into the pure water. This led to a high neutron detection efficiency, which allows us to distinguish different neutrino reactions, enhance signals and remove backgrounds more efficiently. In the summer of 2022, an update of SK-Gd was done by adding additional Gd, and thus totally 39 tonnes of gadolinium sulfate octahydrate has been introduced in the water. The Gd concentration was estimated as 0.0332±0.0002% based on the dissolved weight of gadolinium sulfate octahydrate powder. It is consistent with the result of the direct sampling from the detector as 334 ± 4 ppm. The spallation neutron measurement and AmBe calibration confirms the shorter capture time constant and higher capture event rate due to the second loading. Therefore, we achieved 1.5 times higher than that of the first loaded phase as expected.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85212300824

M3 - Conference article

AN - SCOPUS:85212300824

SN - 1824-8039

VL - 444

JO - Proceedings of Science

JF - Proceedings of Science

M1 - 983

T2 - 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

Y2 - 26 July 2023 through 3 August 2023

ER -

Status and Prospect of SK-Gd Project

Abstract

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