Study of the effects induced by lead on the emulsion films of the OPERA experiment

A. Anokhina; S. Aoki; A. Ariga; L. Arrabito; D. Autiero; A. Badertscher; F. Bay; A. Bergnoli; F. Bersani Greggio; M. Besnier; D. Bick; C. Bozza; T. Brugiere; R. Brugnera; G. Brunetti; S. Buontempo; E. Carrara; A. Cazes; L. Chaussard; M. Chernyavsky; V. Chiarella; N. Chon-Sen; A. Chukanov; L. Consiglio; M. Cozzi; F. Dal Corso; G. D'Amato; N. D'Ambrosio; G. De Lellis; Y. Déclais; M. De Serio; F. Di Capua; D. Di Ferdinando; A. Di Giovanni; N. Di Marco; C. Di Troia; S. Dmitrievski; A. Dominjon; M. Dracos; D. Duchesneau; B. Dulach; S. Dusini; J. Ebert; O. Egorov; R. Enikeev; A. Ereditato; L. S. Esposito; J. Favier; G. Felici; T. Ferber; R. Fini; A. Franceschi; T. Fukuda; C. Fukushima; V. I. Galkin; V. A. Galkin; A. Garfagnini; G. Giacomelli; M. Giorgini; C. Goellnitz; D. Golubkov; Y. Gornoushkin; G. Grella; F. Grianti; M. Guler; G. Gusev; C. Gustavino; C. Hagner; T. Hara; M. Hierholzer; S. Hiramatsu; K. Hoshino; M. Ieva; K. Jakovcic; J. Janicsko Csathy; B. Janutta; C. Jollet; F. Juget; T. Kawai; M. Kazuyama; S. H. Kim; M. Kimura; J. Knuesel; K. Kodama; M. Komatsu; U. Kose; I. Kreslo; I. Laktineh; C. Lazzaro; J. Lenkeit; A. Ljubicic; A. Longhin; G. Lutter; K. Manai; G. Mandrioli; S. Manzoor; A. Marotta; J. Marteau; H. Matsuoka; N. Mauri; F. Meisel; A. Meregaglia; M. Messina; P. Migliozzi; S. Miyamoto; P. Monacelli; K. Morishima; U. Moser; M. T. Muciaccia; N. Naganawa; T. Naka; M. Nakamura; T. Nakamura; T. Nakano; V. Nikitina; K. Niwa; Y. Nonoyama; S. Ogawa; V. Osedlo; D. Ossetski; A. Paoloni; B. D. Park; I. G. Park; A. Pastore; L. Patrizii; E. Pennacchio; H. Pessard; C. Pistillo; N. Polukhina; M. Pozzato; K. Pretzl; P. Publichenko; Fabio Pupilli; T. Roganova; G. Rosa; I. Rostovtseva; A. Rubbia; A. Russo; O. Ryazhskaya; D. Ryzhikov; Y. Sato; O. Sato; V. Saveliev; G. Sazhina; A. Schembri; L. Scotto Lavina; H. Shibuya; S. Simone; M. Sioli; C. Sirignano; G. Sirri; J. S. Song; M. Spinetti; L. Stanco; N. Starkov; M. Stipcevic; T. Strauss; P. Strolin; V. Sugonyaev; Y. Taira; S. Takahashi; M. Tenti; F. Terranova; V. Tioukov; V. Togo; P. Tolun; V. Tsarev; S. Tufanli; N. Ushida; C. Valieri; P. Vilain; M. Vladimirov; L. Votano; J. L. Vuilleumier; G. Wilquet; B. Wonsak; J. Wurtz; C. S. Yoon; J. Yoshida; Y. Zaitsev; S. Zemskova; A. Zghiche; R. Zimmermann

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/3/07/P07002

Study of the effects induced by lead on the emulsion films of the OPERA experiment

A. Anokhina
, S. Aoki
, A. Ariga
, L. Arrabito
, D. Autiero
, A. Badertscher
, F. Bay
, A. Bergnoli
, F. Bersani Greggio
, M. Besnier
, D. Bick
, C. Bozza
, T. Brugiere
, R. Brugnera
, G. Brunetti
, S. Buontempo
, E. Carrara
, A. Cazes
, L. Chaussard
, M. Chernyavsky

V. Chiarella, N. Chon-Sen, A. Chukanov, L. Consiglio, M. Cozzi, F. Dal Corso, G. D'Amato, N. D'Ambrosio, G. De Lellis, Y. Déclais, M. De Serio, F. Di Capua, D. Di Ferdinando, A. Di Giovanni, N. Di Marco, C. Di Troia, S. Dmitrievski, A. Dominjon, M. Dracos, D. Duchesneau, B. Dulach, S. Dusini, J. Ebert, O. Egorov, R. Enikeev, A. Ereditato, L. S. Esposito, J. Favier, G. Felici, T. Ferber, R. Fini, A. Franceschi, T. Fukuda, C. Fukushima, V. I. Galkin, V. A. Galkin, A. Garfagnini, G. Giacomelli, M. Giorgini, C. Goellnitz, D. Golubkov, Y. Gornoushkin, G. Grella, F. Grianti, M. Guler, G. Gusev, C. Gustavino, C. Hagner, T. Hara, M. Hierholzer, S. Hiramatsu, K. Hoshino, M. Ieva, K. Jakovcic, J. Janicsko Csathy, B. Janutta, C. Jollet, F. Juget, T. Kawai, M. Kazuyama, S. H. Kim, M. Kimura, J. Knuesel, K. Kodama, M. Komatsu, U. Kose, I. Kreslo, I. Laktineh, C. Lazzaro, J. Lenkeit, A. Ljubicic, A. Longhin, G. Lutter, K. Manai, G. Mandrioli, S. Manzoor, A. Marotta, J. Marteau, H. Matsuoka, N. Mauri, F. Meisel, A. Meregaglia, M. Messina, P. Migliozzi, S. Miyamoto, P. Monacelli, K. Morishima, U. Moser, M. T. Muciaccia, N. Naganawa, T. Naka, M. Nakamura, T. Nakamura, T. Nakano, V. Nikitina, K. Niwa, Y. Nonoyama, S. Ogawa, V. Osedlo, D. Ossetski, A. Paoloni, B. D. Park, I. G. Park, A. Pastore, L. Patrizii, E. Pennacchio, H. Pessard, C. Pistillo, N. Polukhina, M. Pozzato, K. Pretzl, P. Publichenko, Fabio Pupilli, T. Roganova, G. Rosa, I. Rostovtseva, A. Rubbia, A. Russo, O. Ryazhskaya, D. Ryzhikov, Y. Sato, O. Sato, V. Saveliev, G. Sazhina, A. Schembri, L. Scotto Lavina, H. Shibuya, S. Simone, M. Sioli, C. Sirignano, G. Sirri, J. S. Song, M. Spinetti, L. Stanco, N. Starkov, M. Stipcevic, T. Strauss, P. Strolin, V. Sugonyaev, Y. Taira, S. Takahashi, M. Tenti, F. Terranova, V. Tioukov, V. Togo, P. Tolun, V. Tsarev, S. Tufanli, N. Ushida, C. Valieri, P. Vilain, M. Vladimirov, L. Votano, J. L. Vuilleumier, G. Wilquet, B. Wonsak, J. Wurtz, C. S. Yoon, J. Yoshida, Y. Zaitsev, S. Zemskova, A. Zghiche, R. Zimmermann

Moscow State University
Kobe University
Nagoya University
IGFL, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1
ETH Zurich
Middle East Technical University (METU)
INFN
LNF-INFN
Université Savoie Mont Blanc
Universität Hamburg
University of Salerno
University of Padova
University of Bologna
INFN Sezione di Napoli
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Université de Strasbourg
Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
University of Naples Federico II
INFN Sezione di Bari
INFN Sezione di Bologna
Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università dell'Aquila and INFN
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics
Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences
University of Bern
Toho University
Institute of Nuclear Power Engineering
Ruđer Bošković Institute
University of Neuchatel
Gyeongsang National University
Chonnam National University
Aichi University of Education
Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro
Dipartimento di Fisica
Utsunomiya University
Université Libre de Bruxelles

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

21 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The OPERA neutrino oscillation experiment is based on the use of the Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC). In the OPERA ECC, nuclear emulsion films acting as very high precision tracking detectors are interleaved with lead plates providing a massive target for neutrino interactions. We report on studies related to the effects occurring from the contact between emulsion and lead. A low radioactivity lead is required in order to minimize the number of background tracks in emulsions and to achieve the required performance in the reconstruction of neutrino events. It was observed that adding other chemical elements to the lead, in order to improve the mechanical properties, may significantly increase the level of radioactivity on the emulsions. A detailed study was made in order to choose a lead alloy with good mechanical properties and an appropriate packing technique so as to have a low enough effective radioactivity.

Original language	English
Article number	P07002
Journal	Journal of Instrumentation
Volume	3
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/3/07/P07002
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2008
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Hybrid detectors
Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics
Particle identification methods
Particle tracking detectors

Access to Document

10.1088/1748-0221/3/07/P07002

Cite this

Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Arrabito, L., Autiero, D., Badertscher, A., Bay, F., Bergnoli, A., Bersani Greggio, F., Besnier, M., Bick, D., Bozza, C., Brugiere, T., Brugnera, R., Brunetti, G., Buontempo, S., Carrara, E., Cazes, A., Chaussard, L., ... Zimmermann, R. (2008). Study of the effects induced by lead on the emulsion films of the OPERA experiment. Journal of Instrumentation, 3(7), Article P07002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/3/07/P07002

@article{f4276e26094a4673807a52624801a16f,

title = "Study of the effects induced by lead on the emulsion films of the OPERA experiment",

abstract = "The OPERA neutrino oscillation experiment is based on the use of the Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC). In the OPERA ECC, nuclear emulsion films acting as very high precision tracking detectors are interleaved with lead plates providing a massive target for neutrino interactions. We report on studies related to the effects occurring from the contact between emulsion and lead. A low radioactivity lead is required in order to minimize the number of background tracks in emulsions and to achieve the required performance in the reconstruction of neutrino events. It was observed that adding other chemical elements to the lead, in order to improve the mechanical properties, may significantly increase the level of radioactivity on the emulsions. A detailed study was made in order to choose a lead alloy with good mechanical properties and an appropriate packing technique so as to have a low enough effective radioactivity.",

keywords = "Hybrid detectors, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Particle identification methods, Particle tracking detectors",

author = "A. Anokhina and S. Aoki and A. Ariga and L. Arrabito and D. Autiero and A. Badertscher and F. Bay and A. Bergnoli and \{Bersani Greggio\}, F. and M. Besnier and D. Bick and C. Bozza and T. Brugiere and R. Brugnera and G. Brunetti and S. Buontempo and E. Carrara and A. Cazes and L. Chaussard and M. Chernyavsky and V. Chiarella and N. Chon-Sen and A. Chukanov and L. Consiglio and M. Cozzi and \{Dal Corso\}, F. and G. D'Amato and N. D'Ambrosio and \{De Lellis\}, G. and Y. D{\'e}clais and \{De Serio\}, M. and \{Di Capua\}, F. and \{Di Ferdinando\}, D. and \{Di Giovanni\}, A. and \{Di Marco\}, N. and \{Di Troia\}, C. and S. Dmitrievski and A. Dominjon and M. Dracos and D. Duchesneau and B. Dulach and S. Dusini and J. Ebert and O. Egorov and R. Enikeev and A. Ereditato and Esposito, \{L. S.\} and J. Favier and G. Felici and T. Ferber and R. Fini and A. Franceschi and T. Fukuda and C. Fukushima and Galkin, \{V. I.\} and Galkin, \{V. A.\} and A. Garfagnini and G. Giacomelli and M. Giorgini and C. Goellnitz and D. Golubkov and Y. Gornoushkin and G. Grella and F. Grianti and M. Guler and G. Gusev and C. Gustavino and C. Hagner and T. Hara and M. Hierholzer and S. Hiramatsu and K. Hoshino and M. Ieva and K. Jakovcic and \{Janicsko Csathy\}, J. and B. Janutta and C. Jollet and F. Juget and T. Kawai and M. Kazuyama and Kim, \{S. H.\} and M. Kimura and J. Knuesel and K. Kodama and M. Komatsu and U. Kose and I. Kreslo and I. Laktineh and C. Lazzaro and J. Lenkeit and A. Ljubicic and A. Longhin and G. Lutter and K. Manai and G. Mandrioli and S. Manzoor and A. Marotta and J. Marteau and H. Matsuoka and N. Mauri and F. Meisel and A. Meregaglia and M. Messina and P. Migliozzi and S. Miyamoto and P. Monacelli and K. Morishima and U. Moser and Muciaccia, \{M. T.\} and N. Naganawa and T. Naka and M. Nakamura and T. Nakamura and T. Nakano and V. Nikitina and K. Niwa and Y. Nonoyama and S. Ogawa and V. Osedlo and D. Ossetski and A. Paoloni and Park, \{B. D.\} and Park, \{I. G.\} and A. Pastore and L. Patrizii and E. Pennacchio and H. Pessard and C. Pistillo and N. Polukhina and M. Pozzato and K. Pretzl and P. Publichenko and Fabio Pupilli and T. Roganova and G. Rosa and I. Rostovtseva and A. Rubbia and A. Russo and O. Ryazhskaya and D. Ryzhikov and Y. Sato and O. Sato and V. Saveliev and G. Sazhina and A. Schembri and \{Scotto Lavina\}, L. and H. Shibuya and S. Simone and M. Sioli and C. Sirignano and G. Sirri and Song, \{J. S.\} and M. Spinetti and L. Stanco and N. Starkov and M. Stipcevic and T. Strauss and P. Strolin and V. Sugonyaev and Y. Taira and S. Takahashi and M. Tenti and F. Terranova and V. Tioukov and V. Togo and P. Tolun and V. Tsarev and S. Tufanli and N. Ushida and C. Valieri and P. Vilain and M. Vladimirov and L. Votano and Vuilleumier, \{J. L.\} and G. Wilquet and B. Wonsak and J. Wurtz and Yoon, \{C. S.\} and J. Yoshida and Y. Zaitsev and S. Zemskova and A. Zghiche and R. Zimmermann",

year = "2008",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1088/1748-0221/3/07/P07002",

language = "English",

volume = "3",

journal = "Journal of Instrumentation",

issn = "1748-0221",

number = "7",

}

Anokhina, A, Aoki, S, Ariga, A, Arrabito, L, Autiero, D, Badertscher, A, Bay, F, Bergnoli, A, Bersani Greggio, F, Besnier, M, Bick, D, Bozza, C, Brugiere, T, Brugnera, R, Brunetti, G, Buontempo, S, Carrara, E, Cazes, A, Chaussard, L, Chernyavsky, M, Chiarella, V, Chon-Sen, N, Chukanov, A, Consiglio, L, Cozzi, M, Dal Corso, F, D'Amato, G, D'Ambrosio, N, De Lellis, G, Déclais, Y, De Serio, M, Di Capua, F, Di Ferdinando, D, Di Giovanni, A, Di Marco, N, Di Troia, C, Dmitrievski, S, Dominjon, A, Dracos, M, Duchesneau, D, Dulach, B, Dusini, S, Ebert, J, Egorov, O, Enikeev, R, Ereditato, A, Esposito, LS, Favier, J, Felici, G, Ferber, T, Fini, R, Franceschi, A, Fukuda, T, Fukushima, C, Galkin, VI, Galkin, VA, Garfagnini, A, Giacomelli, G, Giorgini, M, Goellnitz, C, Golubkov, D, Gornoushkin, Y, Grella, G, Grianti, F, Guler, M, Gusev, G, Gustavino, C, Hagner, C, Hara, T, Hierholzer, M, Hiramatsu, S, Hoshino, K, Ieva, M, Jakovcic, K, Janicsko Csathy, J, Janutta, B, Jollet, C, Juget, F, Kawai, T, Kazuyama, M, Kim, SH, Kimura, M, Knuesel, J, Kodama, K, Komatsu, M, Kose, U, Kreslo, I, Laktineh, I, Lazzaro, C, Lenkeit, J, Ljubicic, A, Longhin, A, Lutter, G, Manai, K, Mandrioli, G, Manzoor, S, Marotta, A, Marteau, J, Matsuoka, H, Mauri, N, Meisel, F, Meregaglia, A, Messina, M, Migliozzi, P, Miyamoto, S, Monacelli, P, Morishima, K, Moser, U, Muciaccia, MT, Naganawa, N, Naka, T, Nakamura, M, Nakamura, T, Nakano, T, Nikitina, V, Niwa, K, Nonoyama, Y, Ogawa, S, Osedlo, V, Ossetski, D, Paoloni, A, Park, BD, Park, IG, Pastore, A, Patrizii, L, Pennacchio, E, Pessard, H, Pistillo, C, Polukhina, N, Pozzato, M, Pretzl, K, Publichenko, P, Pupilli, F, Roganova, T, Rosa, G, Rostovtseva, I, Rubbia, A, Russo, A, Ryazhskaya, O, Ryzhikov, D, Sato, Y, Sato, O, Saveliev, V, Sazhina, G, Schembri, A, Scotto Lavina, L, Shibuya, H, Simone, S, Sioli, M, Sirignano, C, Sirri, G, Song, JS, Spinetti, M, Stanco, L, Starkov, N, Stipcevic, M, Strauss, T, Strolin, P, Sugonyaev, V, Taira, Y, Takahashi, S, Tenti, M, Terranova, F, Tioukov, V, Togo, V, Tolun, P, Tsarev, V, Tufanli, S, Ushida, N, Valieri, C, Vilain, P, Vladimirov, M, Votano, L, Vuilleumier, JL, Wilquet, G, Wonsak, B, Wurtz, J, Yoon, CS, Yoshida, J, Zaitsev, Y, Zemskova, S, Zghiche, A & Zimmermann, R 2008, 'Study of the effects induced by lead on the emulsion films of the OPERA experiment', Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 3, no. 7, P07002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/3/07/P07002

TY - JOUR

T1 - Study of the effects induced by lead on the emulsion films of the OPERA experiment

AU - Anokhina, A.

AU - Aoki, S.

AU - Ariga, A.

AU - Arrabito, L.

AU - Autiero, D.

AU - Badertscher, A.

AU - Bay, F.

AU - Bergnoli, A.

AU - Bersani Greggio, F.

AU - Besnier, M.

AU - Bick, D.

AU - Bozza, C.

AU - Brugiere, T.

AU - Brugnera, R.

AU - Brunetti, G.

AU - Buontempo, S.

AU - Carrara, E.

AU - Cazes, A.

AU - Chaussard, L.

AU - Chernyavsky, M.

AU - Chiarella, V.

AU - Chon-Sen, N.

AU - Chukanov, A.

AU - Consiglio, L.

AU - Cozzi, M.

AU - Dal Corso, F.

AU - D'Amato, G.

AU - D'Ambrosio, N.

AU - De Lellis, G.

AU - Déclais, Y.

AU - De Serio, M.

AU - Di Capua, F.

AU - Di Ferdinando, D.

AU - Di Giovanni, A.

AU - Di Marco, N.

AU - Di Troia, C.

AU - Dmitrievski, S.

AU - Dominjon, A.

AU - Dracos, M.

AU - Duchesneau, D.

AU - Dulach, B.

AU - Dusini, S.

AU - Ebert, J.

AU - Egorov, O.

AU - Enikeev, R.

AU - Ereditato, A.

AU - Esposito, L. S.

AU - Favier, J.

AU - Felici, G.

AU - Ferber, T.

AU - Fini, R.

AU - Franceschi, A.

AU - Fukuda, T.

AU - Fukushima, C.

AU - Galkin, V. I.

AU - Galkin, V. A.

AU - Garfagnini, A.

AU - Giacomelli, G.

AU - Giorgini, M.

AU - Goellnitz, C.

AU - Golubkov, D.

AU - Gornoushkin, Y.

AU - Grella, G.

AU - Grianti, F.

AU - Guler, M.

AU - Gusev, G.

AU - Gustavino, C.

AU - Hagner, C.

AU - Hara, T.

AU - Hierholzer, M.

AU - Hiramatsu, S.

AU - Hoshino, K.

AU - Ieva, M.

AU - Jakovcic, K.

AU - Janicsko Csathy, J.

AU - Janutta, B.

AU - Jollet, C.

AU - Juget, F.

AU - Kawai, T.

AU - Kazuyama, M.

AU - Kim, S. H.

AU - Kimura, M.

AU - Knuesel, J.

AU - Kodama, K.

AU - Komatsu, M.

AU - Kose, U.

AU - Kreslo, I.

AU - Laktineh, I.

AU - Lazzaro, C.

AU - Lenkeit, J.

AU - Ljubicic, A.

AU - Longhin, A.

AU - Lutter, G.

AU - Manai, K.

AU - Mandrioli, G.

AU - Manzoor, S.

AU - Marotta, A.

AU - Marteau, J.

AU - Matsuoka, H.

AU - Mauri, N.

AU - Meisel, F.

AU - Meregaglia, A.

AU - Messina, M.

AU - Migliozzi, P.

AU - Miyamoto, S.

AU - Monacelli, P.

AU - Morishima, K.

AU - Moser, U.

AU - Muciaccia, M. T.

AU - Naganawa, N.

AU - Naka, T.

AU - Nakamura, M.

AU - Nakamura, T.

AU - Nakano, T.

AU - Nikitina, V.

AU - Niwa, K.

AU - Nonoyama, Y.

AU - Ogawa, S.

AU - Osedlo, V.

AU - Ossetski, D.

AU - Paoloni, A.

AU - Park, B. D.

AU - Park, I. G.

AU - Pastore, A.

AU - Patrizii, L.

AU - Pennacchio, E.

AU - Pessard, H.

AU - Pistillo, C.

AU - Polukhina, N.

AU - Pozzato, M.

AU - Pretzl, K.

AU - Publichenko, P.

AU - Pupilli, Fabio

AU - Roganova, T.

AU - Rosa, G.

AU - Rostovtseva, I.

AU - Rubbia, A.

AU - Russo, A.

AU - Ryazhskaya, O.

AU - Ryzhikov, D.

AU - Sato, Y.

AU - Sato, O.

AU - Saveliev, V.

AU - Sazhina, G.

AU - Schembri, A.

AU - Scotto Lavina, L.

AU - Shibuya, H.

AU - Simone, S.

AU - Sioli, M.

AU - Sirignano, C.

AU - Sirri, G.

AU - Song, J. S.

AU - Spinetti, M.

AU - Stanco, L.

AU - Starkov, N.

AU - Stipcevic, M.

AU - Strauss, T.

AU - Strolin, P.

AU - Sugonyaev, V.

AU - Taira, Y.

AU - Takahashi, S.

AU - Tenti, M.

AU - Terranova, F.

AU - Tioukov, V.

AU - Togo, V.

AU - Tolun, P.

AU - Tsarev, V.

AU - Tufanli, S.

AU - Ushida, N.

AU - Valieri, C.

AU - Vilain, P.

AU - Vladimirov, M.

AU - Votano, L.

AU - Vuilleumier, J. L.

AU - Wilquet, G.

AU - Wonsak, B.

AU - Wurtz, J.

AU - Yoon, C. S.

AU - Yoshida, J.

AU - Zaitsev, Y.

AU - Zemskova, S.

AU - Zghiche, A.

AU - Zimmermann, R.

PY - 2008/1/1

Y1 - 2008/1/1

N2 - The OPERA neutrino oscillation experiment is based on the use of the Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC). In the OPERA ECC, nuclear emulsion films acting as very high precision tracking detectors are interleaved with lead plates providing a massive target for neutrino interactions. We report on studies related to the effects occurring from the contact between emulsion and lead. A low radioactivity lead is required in order to minimize the number of background tracks in emulsions and to achieve the required performance in the reconstruction of neutrino events. It was observed that adding other chemical elements to the lead, in order to improve the mechanical properties, may significantly increase the level of radioactivity on the emulsions. A detailed study was made in order to choose a lead alloy with good mechanical properties and an appropriate packing technique so as to have a low enough effective radioactivity.

AB - The OPERA neutrino oscillation experiment is based on the use of the Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC). In the OPERA ECC, nuclear emulsion films acting as very high precision tracking detectors are interleaved with lead plates providing a massive target for neutrino interactions. We report on studies related to the effects occurring from the contact between emulsion and lead. A low radioactivity lead is required in order to minimize the number of background tracks in emulsions and to achieve the required performance in the reconstruction of neutrino events. It was observed that adding other chemical elements to the lead, in order to improve the mechanical properties, may significantly increase the level of radioactivity on the emulsions. A detailed study was made in order to choose a lead alloy with good mechanical properties and an appropriate packing technique so as to have a low enough effective radioactivity.

KW - Hybrid detectors

KW - Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics

KW - Particle identification methods

KW - Particle tracking detectors

U2 - 10.1088/1748-0221/3/07/P07002

DO - 10.1088/1748-0221/3/07/P07002

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:62749192573

SN - 1748-0221

VL - 3

JO - Journal of Instrumentation

JF - Journal of Instrumentation

IS - 7

M1 - P07002

ER -

Study of the effects induced by lead on the emulsion films of the OPERA experiment

Abstract

Keywords

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Cite this