TCT-based monitoring of LGAD radiation hardness for ATLAS-HGTD production

I. Velkovska; A. Aboulhorma; M. Ait Tamlihat; H. M. Alfanda; O. Atanova; N. Atanov; I. Azzouzi; J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa; T. Beau; D. Benchekroun; F. Bendebba; G. Bergamin; Y. Bimgdi; A. Blot; A. Boikov; J. Bonis; D. Boumediene; C. Brito; A. S. Brogna; A. M. Burger; L. Cadamuro; Y. Cai; N. Cartalade; R. Casanova Mohr; R. Cherkaoui El Moursli; Y. Che; X. Chen; E. Y.S. Chow; L. D. Corpe; C. G. Crozatier; L. D'Eramo; S. Dahbi; D. Dannheim; G. Daubard; Y. Davydov; J. Debevc; Y. Degerli; E. Delagnes; F. Deliot; M. Dhellot; P. Dinaucourt; G. Di Gregorio; P. J. Dos Santos De Assis; C. Duan; O. Duarte; F. Dulucq; J. Ehrecke; Y. El Ghazali; A. El Moussaouy; A. Falou; L. Fan; Y. Fan; Z. Fan; K. Farman; F. Fassi; Y. Feng; M. Ferreira; F. Filthaut; F. Fischer; P. Fusté; J. Fu; J. Garciía Rodriquez; G. Gaspar De Andrade; V. Gautam; Z. Ge; R. Gonçalo; M. Gouighri; S. Grinstein; K. Gritsay; F. Guilloux; S. Guindon; A. Haddad; S. E.D. Hammoud; L. Han; A. M. Henriques Correia; M. Hidaoui; B. Hiti; J. Hofner; S. Hou; X. Huang; Y. Huang; K. Hu; C. Insa; J. Jeglot; X. Jia; G. Kramberger; M. Kuriyama; B. Y. Ky; D. Lacour; A. Lafarge; B. Lakssir; A. Lantheaume; D. Laporte; C. de La Taille; M. A.L. Leite; A. Leopold; H. Li; L. Li; M. Li; S. Li; S. Li; Y. Li; Z. Li; S. Liang; Z. Liang; B. Liu; K. Liu; K. Liu; Y. L. Liu; Y. W. Liu; F. L. Lucio Alves; M. Lu; Y. J. Lu; F. Lyu; D. Macina; R. Madar; N. Makovec; S. Malyukov; I. Mandić; T. Manoussos; S. Manzoni; G. Martin-Chassard; F. Martins; L. Masetti; R. Mazini; E. Mazzeo; K. Ma; X. Ma; R. Menegasso; J. P. Meyer; Y. Miao; A. Migayron; M. Mihovilovic; M. Milovanovic; M. Missio; V. Moskalenko; N. Mouadili; A. Moussa; I. Nikolic-Audit; C. C. Ohm; H. Okawa; S. Okkerman; M. Ouchrif; C. Pénélaud; A. Parreira; B. Pascual Dias; R. E. de Paula; J. Pinol Bel; P. O. Puhl; C. Puigdengoles Olive; M. Puklavec; J. Qin; M. Qi; H. Ren; H. Riani; S. Ridouani; V. Rogozin; L. Royer; F. Rudnyckyj; E. F. Saad; G. T. Saito; A. Salem; H. Santos; S. Scarfi; Ph Schwemling; N. Seguin-Moreau; L. Serin; R. P. Serrano Fernandez; A. Shaikovskii; Q. Sha; L. Shan; R. Shen; X. Shi; P. Skomina; H. Smitmanns; H. L. Snoek; A. P. Soulier; A. Stein; H. Stenzel; J. Strandberg; W. Sun; X. Sun; Y. Sun; Y. Tan; K. Tariq; Y. Tayalati; S. Terzo; A. Torrento Coello; S. Trincaz-Duvoid; U. M. Vande Voorde; R. V. Vieira; L. A. Vieira Lopes; A. Visibile; A. Wang; C. Wang; S. M. Wang; T. Wang; T. Wang; W. Wang; Y. Wang; Y. Wang; J. Wan; Q. Weitzel; J. Wu; M. Wu; W. Wu; Y. Wu; L. Xia; D. Xu; H. Xu; L. Xu; Z. Yan; H. Yang; H. Yang; X. Yang; X. Yang; J. Ye; I. Youbi; J. Yuan; I. Zahir; H. Zeng; D. Zhang; J. Zhang; L. Zhang; Z. Zhang; M. Zhao; Z. Zhao; X. Zheng; Z. Zhou; Y. Zhu; X. Zhuang

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2025.171195

TCT-based monitoring of LGAD radiation hardness for ATLAS-HGTD production

I. Velkovska
, A. Aboulhorma
, M. Ait Tamlihat
, H. M. Alfanda
, O. Atanova
, N. Atanov
, I. Azzouzi
, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa
, T. Beau
, D. Benchekroun
, F. Bendebba
, G. Bergamin
, Y. Bimgdi
, A. Blot
, A. Boikov
, J. Bonis
, D. Boumediene
, C. Brito
, A. S. Brogna
, A. M. Burger

L. Cadamuro, Y. Cai, N. Cartalade, R. Casanova Mohr, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, Y. Che, X. Chen, E. Y.S. Chow, L. D. Corpe, C. G. Crozatier, L. D'Eramo, S. Dahbi, D. Dannheim, G. Daubard, Y. Davydov, J. Debevc, Y. Degerli, E. Delagnes, F. Deliot, M. Dhellot, P. Dinaucourt, G. Di Gregorio, P. J. Dos Santos De Assis, C. Duan, O. Duarte, F. Dulucq, J. Ehrecke, Y. El Ghazali, A. El Moussaouy, A. Falou, L. Fan, Y. Fan, Z. Fan, K. Farman, F. Fassi, Y. Feng, M. Ferreira, F. Filthaut, F. Fischer, P. Fusté, J. Fu, J. Garciía Rodriquez, G. Gaspar De Andrade, V. Gautam, Z. Ge, R. Gonçalo, M. Gouighri, S. Grinstein, K. Gritsay, F. Guilloux, S. Guindon, A. Haddad, S. E.D. Hammoud, L. Han, A. M. Henriques Correia, M. Hidaoui, B. Hiti, J. Hofner, S. Hou, X. Huang, Y. Huang, K. Hu, C. Insa, J. Jeglot, X. Jia, G. Kramberger, M. Kuriyama, B. Y. Ky, D. Lacour, A. Lafarge, B. Lakssir, A. Lantheaume, D. Laporte, C. de La Taille, M. A.L. Leite, A. Leopold, H. Li, L. Li, M. Li, S. Li, S. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, S. Liang, Z. Liang, B. Liu, K. Liu, K. Liu, Y. L. Liu, Y. W. Liu, F. L. Lucio Alves, M. Lu, Y. J. Lu, F. Lyu, D. Macina, R. Madar, N. Makovec, S. Malyukov, I. Mandić, T. Manoussos, S. Manzoni, G. Martin-Chassard, F. Martins, L. Masetti, R. Mazini, E. Mazzeo, K. Ma, X. Ma, R. Menegasso, J. P. Meyer, Y. Miao, A. Migayron, M. Mihovilovic, M. Milovanovic, M. Missio, V. Moskalenko, N. Mouadili, A. Moussa, I. Nikolic-Audit, C. C. Ohm, H. Okawa, S. Okkerman, M. Ouchrif, C. Pénélaud, A. Parreira, B. Pascual Dias, R. E. de Paula, J. Pinol Bel, P. O. Puhl, C. Puigdengoles Olive, M. Puklavec, J. Qin, M. Qi, H. Ren, H. Riani, S. Ridouani, V. Rogozin, L. Royer, F. Rudnyckyj, E. F. Saad, G. T. Saito, A. Salem, H. Santos, S. Scarfi, Ph Schwemling, N. Seguin-Moreau, L. Serin, R. P. Serrano Fernandez, A. Shaikovskii, Q. Sha, L. Shan, R. Shen, X. Shi, P. Skomina, H. Smitmanns, H. L. Snoek, A. P. Soulier, A. Stein, H. Stenzel, J. Strandberg, W. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Tan, K. Tariq, Y. Tayalati, S. Terzo, A. Torrento Coello, S. Trincaz-Duvoid, U. M. Vande Voorde, R. V. Vieira, L. A. Vieira Lopes, A. Visibile, A. Wang, C. Wang, S. M. Wang, T. Wang, T. Wang, W. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, J. Wan, Q. Weitzel, J. Wu, M. Wu, W. Wu, Y. Wu, L. Xia, D. Xu, H. Xu, L. Xu, Z. Yan, H. Yang, H. Yang, X. Yang, X. Yang, J. Ye, I. Youbi, J. Yuan, I. Zahir, H. Zeng, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, Z. Zhang, M. Zhao, Z. Zhao, X. Zheng, Z. Zhou, Y. Zhu, X. Zhuang

École Polytechnique

University of Ljubljana
Faculté des Sciences Rabat
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
European Organization for Nuclear Research
Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science Innovation and Research (MAScIR)
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Sorbonne Université
Université Hassan II
Mohammed VI Polytechnic University
Université Paris-Saclay
Clermont-Auvergne University
Lisboa
Johannes Gutenberg University
Nanjing University
The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Radboud University
Academia Sinica, Institute Of Physics
University of Science and Technology of China
Université Ibn-Tofail
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Shandong University
University of São Paulo
KTH Royal Institute of Technology
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
Université Mohamed Premier
Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
University of Amsterdam

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Production of the High Granularity Timing Detector for the ATLAS experiment at High Luminosity LHC requires over 21000 silicon sensors based on Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology. Their radiation hardness is monitored as a part of the production quality control. Dedicated test structures from each wafer are irradiated with neutrons and a fast and comprehensive characterization is required. We introduce a new test method based on Transient Current Technique (TCT) performed in the interface region of two LGAD devices. The measurement enables extraction of numerous sensor performance parameters, such as LGAD gain layer depletion voltage, LGAD gain dependence on bias voltage, sensor leakage current and effective interpad distance. Complementary capacitance-voltage measurements and charge collection measurements with ⁹⁰Sr on the same samples have been performed to calibrate the TCT results in terms of charge collection and define acceptance criteria for wafer radiation hardness in the ATLAS-HGTD project.

Original language	English
Article number	171195
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume	1084
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.171195
Publication status	Published - 1 Apr 2026

Keywords

ATLAS
Charge multiplication
HGTD
Irradiations
Low Gain Avalanche Diodes
Time resolution
Transient Current Technique

Access to Document

10.1016/j.nima.2025.171195

Cite this

Velkovska, I., Aboulhorma, A., Ait Tamlihat, M., Alfanda, H. M., Atanova, O., Atanov, N., Azzouzi, I., Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, J., Beau, T., Benchekroun, D., Bendebba, F., Bergamin, G., Bimgdi, Y., Blot, A., Boikov, A., Bonis, J., Boumediene, D., Brito, C., Brogna, A. S., ... Zhuang, X. (2026). TCT-based monitoring of LGAD radiation hardness for ATLAS-HGTD production. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1084, Article 171195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.171195

@article{eed3637ac8be40e3b60f54ea945f9218,

title = "TCT-based monitoring of LGAD radiation hardness for ATLAS-HGTD production",

abstract = "Production of the High Granularity Timing Detector for the ATLAS experiment at High Luminosity LHC requires over 21000 silicon sensors based on Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology. Their radiation hardness is monitored as a part of the production quality control. Dedicated test structures from each wafer are irradiated with neutrons and a fast and comprehensive characterization is required. We introduce a new test method based on Transient Current Technique (TCT) performed in the interface region of two LGAD devices. The measurement enables extraction of numerous sensor performance parameters, such as LGAD gain layer depletion voltage, LGAD gain dependence on bias voltage, sensor leakage current and effective interpad distance. Complementary capacitance-voltage measurements and charge collection measurements with 90Sr on the same samples have been performed to calibrate the TCT results in terms of charge collection and define acceptance criteria for wafer radiation hardness in the ATLAS-HGTD project.",

keywords = "ATLAS, Charge multiplication, HGTD, Irradiations, Low Gain Avalanche Diodes, Time resolution, Transient Current Technique",

author = "I. Velkovska and A. Aboulhorma and \{Ait Tamlihat\}, M. and Alfanda, \{H. M.\} and O. Atanova and N. Atanov and I. Azzouzi and \{Barreiro Guimar{\~a}es da Costa\}, J. and T. Beau and D. Benchekroun and F. Bendebba and G. Bergamin and Y. Bimgdi and A. Blot and A. Boikov and J. Bonis and D. Boumediene and C. Brito and Brogna, \{A. S.\} and Burger, \{A. M.\} and L. Cadamuro and Y. Cai and N. Cartalade and \{Casanova Mohr\}, R. and \{Cherkaoui El Moursli\}, R. and Y. Che and X. Chen and Chow, \{E. Y.S.\} and Corpe, \{L. D.\} and Crozatier, \{C. G.\} and L. D'Eramo and S. Dahbi and D. Dannheim and G. Daubard and Y. Davydov and J. Debevc and Y. Degerli and E. Delagnes and F. Deliot and M. Dhellot and P. Dinaucourt and \{Di Gregorio\}, G. and \{Dos Santos De Assis\}, \{P. J.\} and C. Duan and O. Duarte and F. Dulucq and J. Ehrecke and Ghazali, \{Y. El\} and \{El Moussaouy\}, A. and A. Falou and L. Fan and Y. Fan and Z. Fan and K. Farman and F. Fassi and Y. Feng and M. Ferreira and F. Filthaut and F. Fischer and P. Fust{\'e} and J. Fu and \{Garci{\'i}a Rodriquez\}, J. and \{Gaspar De Andrade\}, G. and V. Gautam and Z. Ge and R. Gon{\c c}alo and M. Gouighri and S. Grinstein and K. Gritsay and F. Guilloux and S. Guindon and A. Haddad and Hammoud, \{S. E.D.\} and L. Han and \{Henriques Correia\}, \{A. M.\} and M. Hidaoui and B. Hiti and J. Hofner and S. Hou and X. Huang and Y. Huang and K. Hu and C. Insa and J. Jeglot and X. Jia and G. Kramberger and M. Kuriyama and Ky, \{B. Y.\} and D. Lacour and A. Lafarge and B. Lakssir and A. Lantheaume and D. Laporte and \{de La Taille\}, C. and Leite, \{M. A.L.\} and A. Leopold and H. Li and L. Li and M. Li and S. Li and S. Li and Y. Li and Z. Li and S. Liang and Z. Liang and B. Liu and K. Liu and K. Liu and Liu, \{Y. L.\} and Liu, \{Y. W.\} and \{Lucio Alves\}, \{F. L.\} and M. Lu and Lu, \{Y. J.\} and F. Lyu and D. Macina and R. Madar and N. Makovec and S. Malyukov and I. Mandi{\'c} and T. Manoussos and S. Manzoni and G. Martin-Chassard and F. Martins and L. Masetti and R. Mazini and E. Mazzeo and K. Ma and X. Ma and R. Menegasso and Meyer, \{J. P.\} and Y. Miao and A. Migayron and M. Mihovilovic and M. Milovanovic and M. Missio and V. Moskalenko and N. Mouadili and A. Moussa and I. Nikolic-Audit and Ohm, \{C. C.\} and H. Okawa and S. Okkerman and M. Ouchrif and C. P{\'e}n{\'e}laud and A. Parreira and \{Pascual Dias\}, B. and \{de Paula\}, \{R. E.\} and \{Pinol Bel\}, J. and Puhl, \{P. O.\} and \{Puigdengoles Olive\}, C. and M. Puklavec and J. Qin and M. Qi and H. Ren and H. Riani and S. Ridouani and V. Rogozin and L. Royer and F. Rudnyckyj and Saad, \{E. F.\} and Saito, \{G. T.\} and A. Salem and H. Santos and S. Scarfi and Ph Schwemling and N. Seguin-Moreau and L. Serin and \{Serrano Fernandez\}, \{R. P.\} and A. Shaikovskii and Q. Sha and L. Shan and R. Shen and X. Shi and P. Skomina and H. Smitmanns and Snoek, \{H. L.\} and Soulier, \{A. P.\} and A. Stein and H. Stenzel and J. Strandberg and W. Sun and X. Sun and Y. Sun and Y. Tan and K. Tariq and Y. Tayalati and S. Terzo and \{Torrento Coello\}, A. and S. Trincaz-Duvoid and \{Vande Voorde\}, \{U. M.\} and Vieira, \{R. V.\} and \{Vieira Lopes\}, \{L. A.\} and A. Visibile and A. Wang and C. Wang and Wang, \{S. M.\} and T. Wang and T. Wang and W. Wang and Y. Wang and Y. Wang and J. Wan and Q. Weitzel and J. Wu and M. Wu and W. Wu and Y. Wu and L. Xia and D. Xu and H. Xu and L. Xu and Z. Yan and H. Yang and H. Yang and X. Yang and X. Yang and J. Ye and I. Youbi and J. Yuan and I. Zahir and H. Zeng and D. Zhang and J. Zhang and L. Zhang and Z. Zhang and M. Zhao and Z. Zhao and X. Zheng and Z. Zhou and Y. Zhu and X. Zhuang",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025",

year = "2026",

month = apr,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2025.171195",

language = "English",

volume = "1084",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",

issn = "0168-9002",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

}

Velkovska, I, Aboulhorma, A, Ait Tamlihat, M, Alfanda, HM, Atanova, O, Atanov, N, Azzouzi, I, Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, J, Beau, T, Benchekroun, D, Bendebba, F, Bergamin, G, Bimgdi, Y, Blot, A, Boikov, A, Bonis, J, Boumediene, D, Brito, C, Brogna, AS, Burger, AM, Cadamuro, L, Cai, Y, Cartalade, N, Casanova Mohr, R, Cherkaoui El Moursli, R, Che, Y, Chen, X, Chow, EYS, Corpe, LD, Crozatier, CG, D'Eramo, L, Dahbi, S, Dannheim, D, Daubard, G, Davydov, Y, Debevc, J, Degerli, Y, Delagnes, E, Deliot, F, Dhellot, M, Dinaucourt, P, Di Gregorio, G, Dos Santos De Assis, PJ, Duan, C, Duarte, O, Dulucq, F, Ehrecke, J, Ghazali, YE, El Moussaouy, A, Falou, A, Fan, L, Fan, Y, Fan, Z, Farman, K, Fassi, F, Feng, Y, Ferreira, M, Filthaut, F, Fischer, F, Fusté, P, Fu, J, Garciía Rodriquez, J, Gaspar De Andrade, G, Gautam, V, Ge, Z, Gonçalo, R, Gouighri, M, Grinstein, S, Gritsay, K, Guilloux, F, Guindon, S, Haddad, A, Hammoud, SED, Han, L, Henriques Correia, AM, Hidaoui, M, Hiti, B, Hofner, J, Hou, S, Huang, X, Huang, Y, Hu, K, Insa, C, Jeglot, J, Jia, X, Kramberger, G, Kuriyama, M, Ky, BY, Lacour, D, Lafarge, A, Lakssir, B, Lantheaume, A, Laporte, D, de La Taille, C, Leite, MAL, Leopold, A, Li, H, Li, L, Li, M, Li, S, Li, S, Li, Y, Li, Z, Liang, S, Liang, Z, Liu, B, Liu, K, Liu, K, Liu, YL, Liu, YW, Lucio Alves, FL, Lu, M, Lu, YJ, Lyu, F, Macina, D, Madar, R, Makovec, N, Malyukov, S, Mandić, I, Manoussos, T, Manzoni, S, Martin-Chassard, G, Martins, F, Masetti, L, Mazini, R, Mazzeo, E, Ma, K, Ma, X, Menegasso, R, Meyer, JP, Miao, Y, Migayron, A, Mihovilovic, M, Milovanovic, M, Missio, M, Moskalenko, V, Mouadili, N, Moussa, A, Nikolic-Audit, I, Ohm, CC, Okawa, H, Okkerman, S, Ouchrif, M, Pénélaud, C, Parreira, A, Pascual Dias, B, de Paula, RE, Pinol Bel, J, Puhl, PO, Puigdengoles Olive, C, Puklavec, M, Qin, J, Qi, M, Ren, H, Riani, H, Ridouani, S, Rogozin, V, Royer, L, Rudnyckyj, F, Saad, EF, Saito, GT, Salem, A, Santos, H, Scarfi, S, Schwemling, P, Seguin-Moreau, N, Serin, L, Serrano Fernandez, RP, Shaikovskii, A, Sha, Q, Shan, L, Shen, R, Shi, X, Skomina, P, Smitmanns, H, Snoek, HL, Soulier, AP, Stein, A, Stenzel, H, Strandberg, J, Sun, W, Sun, X, Sun, Y, Tan, Y, Tariq, K, Tayalati, Y, Terzo, S, Torrento Coello, A, Trincaz-Duvoid, S, Vande Voorde, UM, Vieira, RV, Vieira Lopes, LA, Visibile, A, Wang, A, Wang, C, Wang, SM, Wang, T, Wang, T, Wang, W, Wang, Y, Wang, Y, Wan, J, Weitzel, Q, Wu, J, Wu, M, Wu, W, Wu, Y, Xia, L, Xu, D, Xu, H, Xu, L, Yan, Z, Yang, H, Yang, H, Yang, X, Yang, X, Ye, J, Youbi, I, Yuan, J, Zahir, I, Zeng, H, Zhang, D, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhang, Z, Zhao, M, Zhao, Z, Zheng, X, Zhou, Z, Zhu, Y & Zhuang, X 2026, 'TCT-based monitoring of LGAD radiation hardness for ATLAS-HGTD production', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 1084, 171195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.171195

TY - JOUR

T1 - TCT-based monitoring of LGAD radiation hardness for ATLAS-HGTD production

AU - Velkovska, I.

AU - Aboulhorma, A.

AU - Ait Tamlihat, M.

AU - Alfanda, H. M.

AU - Atanova, O.

AU - Atanov, N.

AU - Azzouzi, I.

AU - Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, J.

AU - Beau, T.

AU - Benchekroun, D.

AU - Bendebba, F.

AU - Bergamin, G.

AU - Bimgdi, Y.

AU - Blot, A.

AU - Boikov, A.

AU - Bonis, J.

AU - Boumediene, D.

AU - Brito, C.

AU - Brogna, A. S.

AU - Burger, A. M.

AU - Cadamuro, L.

AU - Cai, Y.

AU - Cartalade, N.

AU - Casanova Mohr, R.

AU - Cherkaoui El Moursli, R.

AU - Che, Y.

AU - Chen, X.

AU - Chow, E. Y.S.

AU - Corpe, L. D.

AU - Crozatier, C. G.

AU - D'Eramo, L.

AU - Dahbi, S.

AU - Dannheim, D.

AU - Daubard, G.

AU - Davydov, Y.

AU - Debevc, J.

AU - Degerli, Y.

AU - Delagnes, E.

AU - Deliot, F.

AU - Dhellot, M.

AU - Dinaucourt, P.

AU - Di Gregorio, G.

AU - Dos Santos De Assis, P. J.

AU - Duan, C.

AU - Duarte, O.

AU - Dulucq, F.

AU - Ehrecke, J.

AU - Ghazali, Y. El

AU - El Moussaouy, A.

AU - Falou, A.

AU - Fan, L.

AU - Fan, Y.

AU - Fan, Z.

AU - Farman, K.

AU - Fassi, F.

AU - Feng, Y.

AU - Ferreira, M.

AU - Filthaut, F.

AU - Fischer, F.

AU - Fusté, P.

AU - Fu, J.

AU - Garciía Rodriquez, J.

AU - Gaspar De Andrade, G.

AU - Gautam, V.

AU - Ge, Z.

AU - Gonçalo, R.

AU - Gouighri, M.

AU - Grinstein, S.

AU - Gritsay, K.

AU - Guilloux, F.

AU - Guindon, S.

AU - Haddad, A.

AU - Hammoud, S. E.D.

AU - Han, L.

AU - Henriques Correia, A. M.

AU - Hidaoui, M.

AU - Hiti, B.

AU - Hofner, J.

AU - Hou, S.

AU - Huang, X.

AU - Huang, Y.

AU - Hu, K.

AU - Insa, C.

AU - Jeglot, J.

AU - Jia, X.

AU - Kramberger, G.

AU - Kuriyama, M.

AU - Ky, B. Y.

AU - Lacour, D.

AU - Lafarge, A.

AU - Lakssir, B.

AU - Lantheaume, A.

AU - Laporte, D.

AU - de La Taille, C.

AU - Leite, M. A.L.

AU - Leopold, A.

AU - Li, H.

AU - Li, L.

AU - Li, M.

AU - Li, S.

AU - Li, Y.

AU - Li, Z.

AU - Liang, S.

AU - Liang, Z.

AU - Liu, B.

AU - Liu, K.

AU - Liu, Y. L.

AU - Liu, Y. W.

AU - Lucio Alves, F. L.

AU - Lu, M.

AU - Lu, Y. J.

AU - Lyu, F.

AU - Macina, D.

AU - Madar, R.

AU - Makovec, N.

AU - Malyukov, S.

AU - Mandić, I.

AU - Manoussos, T.

AU - Manzoni, S.

AU - Martin-Chassard, G.

AU - Martins, F.

AU - Masetti, L.

AU - Mazini, R.

AU - Mazzeo, E.

AU - Ma, K.

AU - Ma, X.

AU - Menegasso, R.

AU - Meyer, J. P.

AU - Miao, Y.

AU - Migayron, A.

AU - Mihovilovic, M.

AU - Milovanovic, M.

AU - Missio, M.

AU - Moskalenko, V.

AU - Mouadili, N.

AU - Moussa, A.

AU - Nikolic-Audit, I.

AU - Ohm, C. C.

AU - Okawa, H.

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PY - 2026/4/1

Y1 - 2026/4/1

N2 - Production of the High Granularity Timing Detector for the ATLAS experiment at High Luminosity LHC requires over 21000 silicon sensors based on Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology. Their radiation hardness is monitored as a part of the production quality control. Dedicated test structures from each wafer are irradiated with neutrons and a fast and comprehensive characterization is required. We introduce a new test method based on Transient Current Technique (TCT) performed in the interface region of two LGAD devices. The measurement enables extraction of numerous sensor performance parameters, such as LGAD gain layer depletion voltage, LGAD gain dependence on bias voltage, sensor leakage current and effective interpad distance. Complementary capacitance-voltage measurements and charge collection measurements with 90Sr on the same samples have been performed to calibrate the TCT results in terms of charge collection and define acceptance criteria for wafer radiation hardness in the ATLAS-HGTD project.

AB - Production of the High Granularity Timing Detector for the ATLAS experiment at High Luminosity LHC requires over 21000 silicon sensors based on Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology. Their radiation hardness is monitored as a part of the production quality control. Dedicated test structures from each wafer are irradiated with neutrons and a fast and comprehensive characterization is required. We introduce a new test method based on Transient Current Technique (TCT) performed in the interface region of two LGAD devices. The measurement enables extraction of numerous sensor performance parameters, such as LGAD gain layer depletion voltage, LGAD gain dependence on bias voltage, sensor leakage current and effective interpad distance. Complementary capacitance-voltage measurements and charge collection measurements with 90Sr on the same samples have been performed to calibrate the TCT results in terms of charge collection and define acceptance criteria for wafer radiation hardness in the ATLAS-HGTD project.

KW - ATLAS

KW - Charge multiplication

KW - HGTD

KW - Irradiations

KW - Low Gain Avalanche Diodes

KW - Time resolution

KW - Transient Current Technique

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105023299732

U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171195

DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171195

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105023299732

SN - 0168-9002

VL - 1084

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

M1 - 171195

ER -

TCT-based monitoring of LGAD radiation hardness for ATLAS-HGTD production

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