The Fermi all-sky variability analysis: A list of flaring gamma-ray sources and the search for transients in our galaxy

M. Ackermann; M. Ajello; A. Albert; A. Allafort; E. Antolini; L. Baldini; J. Ballet; G. Barbiellini; D. Bastieri; K. Bechtol; R. Bellazzini; R. D. Blandford; E. D. Bloom; E. Bonamente; E. Bottacini; A. Bouvier; T. J. Brandt; J. Bregeon; M. Brigida; P. Bruel; R. Buehler; S. Buson; G. A. Caliandro; R. A. Cameron; P. A. Caraveo; E. Cavazzuti; C. Cecchi; E. Charles; A. Chekhtman; C. C. Cheung; J. Chiang; G. Chiaro; S. Ciprini; R. Claus; J. Cohen-Tanugi; J. Conrad; S. Cutini; M. Dalton; F. D'Ammando; A. De Angelis; F. De Palma; C. D. Dermer; L. Di Venere; P. S. Drell; A. Drlica-Wagner; C. Favuzzi; S. J. Fegan; E. C. Ferrara; W. B. Focke; A. Franckowiak; Y. Fukazawa; S. Funk; P. Fusco; F. Gargano; D. Gasparrini; S. Germani; N. Giglietto; F. Giordano; M. Giroletti; T. Glanzman; G. Godfrey; I. A. Grenier; M. H. Grondin; J. E. Grove; S. Guiriec; D. Hadasch; Y. Hanabata; A. K. Harding; M. Hayashida; E. Hays; J. Hewitt; A. B. Hill; D. Horan; X. Hou; R. E. Hughes; Y. Inoue; M. S. Jackson; T. Jogler; G. Jóhannesson; W. N. Johnson; T. Kamae; J. Kataoka; T. Kawano; J. Knödlseder; M. Kuss; J. Lande; S. Larsson; L. Latronico; M. Lemoine-Goumard; F. Longo; F. Loparco; B. Lott; M. N. Lovellette; P. Lubrano; M. Mayer; M. N. Mazziotta; J. E. McEnery; P. F. Michelson; W. Mitthumsiri; T. Mizuno; C. Monte; M. E. Monzani; A. Morselli; I. V. Moskalenko; S. Murgia; R. Nemmen; E. Nuss; T. Ohsugi; A. Okumura; N. Omodei; M. Orienti; E. Orlando; J. F. Ormes; D. Paneque; J. H. Panetta; J. S. Perkins; M. Pesce-Rollins; F. Piron; G. Pivato; T. A. Porter; S. Rainò; R. Rando; M. Razzano; A. Reimer; O. Reimer; C. Romoli; M. Roth; M. Sánchez-Conde; J. D. Scargle; A. Schulz; C. Sgrò; E. J. Siskind; G. Spandre; P. Spinelli; D. J. Suson; H. Takahashi; Y. Takeuchi; J. G. Thayer; J. B. Thayer; D. J. Thompson; L. Tibaldo; M. Tinivella; D. F. Torres; G. Tosti; E. Troja; V. Tronconi; T. L. Usher; J. Vandenbroucke; V. Vasileiou; G. Vianello; V. Vitale; B. L. Winer; K. S. Wood; M. Wood; Z. Yang

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/57

The Fermi all-sky variability analysis: A list of flaring gamma-ray sources and the search for transients in our galaxy

M. Ackermann
, M. Ajello
, A. Albert
, A. Allafort
, E. Antolini
, L. Baldini
, J. Ballet
, G. Barbiellini
, D. Bastieri
, K. Bechtol
, R. Bellazzini
, R. D. Blandford
, E. D. Bloom
, E. Bonamente
, E. Bottacini
, A. Bouvier
, T. J. Brandt
, J. Bregeon
, M. Brigida
, P. Bruel

R. Buehler, S. Buson, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, E. Cavazzuti, C. Cecchi, E. Charles, A. Chekhtman, C. C. Cheung, J. Chiang, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, S. Cutini, M. Dalton, F. D'Ammando, A. De Angelis, F. De Palma, C. D. Dermer, L. Di Venere, P. S. Drell, A. Drlica-Wagner, C. Favuzzi, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, W. B. Focke, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, S. Germani, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, I. A. Grenier, M. H. Grondin, J. E. Grove, S. Guiriec, D. Hadasch, Y. Hanabata, A. K. Harding, M. Hayashida, E. Hays, J. Hewitt, A. B. Hill, D. Horan, X. Hou, R. E. Hughes, Y. Inoue, M. S. Jackson, T. Jogler, G. Jóhannesson, W. N. Johnson, T. Kamae, J. Kataoka, T. Kawano, J. Knödlseder, M. Kuss, J. Lande, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, M. Lemoine-Goumard, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, M. Mayer, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, R. Nemmen, E. Nuss, T. Ohsugi, A. Okumura, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, J. H. Panetta, J. S. Perkins, M. Pesce-Rollins, F. Piron, G. Pivato, T. A. Porter, S. Rainò, R. Rando, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, C. Romoli, M. Roth, M. Sánchez-Conde, J. D. Scargle, A. Schulz, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, H. Takahashi, Y. Takeuchi, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, L. Tibaldo, M. Tinivella, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, E. Troja, V. Tronconi, T. L. Usher, J. Vandenbroucke, V. Vasileiou, G. Vianello, V. Vitale, B. L. Winer, K. S. Wood, M. Wood, Z. Yang

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

In this paper, we present the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis (FAVA), a tool to systematically study the variability of the gamma-ray sky measured by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. For each direction on the sky, FAVA compares the number of gamma-rays observed in a given time window to the number of gamma-rays expected for the average emission detected from that direction. This method is used in weekly time intervals to derive a list of 215 flaring gamma-ray sources. We proceed to discuss the 27 sources found at Galactic latitudes smaller than 10° and show that, despite their low latitudes, most of them are likely of extragalactic origin.

Original language	English
Article number	57
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	771
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/57
Publication status	Published - 1 Jul 2013

Keywords

BL Lacertae objects: general
binaries: general
catalogs
galaxies: active
stars: flare
surveys

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10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/57

Cite this

Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Allafort, A., Antolini, E., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Bottacini, E., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., ... Yang, Z. (2013). The Fermi all-sky variability analysis: A list of flaring gamma-ray sources and the search for transients in our galaxy. Astrophysical Journal, 771(1), Article 57. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/57

@article{f1c0b69b590c4d61a7f0751c31032b24,

title = "The Fermi all-sky variability analysis: A list of flaring gamma-ray sources and the search for transients in our galaxy",

abstract = "In this paper, we present the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis (FAVA), a tool to systematically study the variability of the gamma-ray sky measured by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. For each direction on the sky, FAVA compares the number of gamma-rays observed in a given time window to the number of gamma-rays expected for the average emission detected from that direction. This method is used in weekly time intervals to derive a list of 215 flaring gamma-ray sources. We proceed to discuss the 27 sources found at Galactic latitudes smaller than 10° and show that, despite their low latitudes, most of them are likely of extragalactic origin.",

keywords = "BL Lacertae objects: general, binaries: general, catalogs, galaxies: active, stars: flare, surveys",

author = "M. Ackermann and M. Ajello and A. Albert and A. Allafort and E. Antolini and L. Baldini and J. Ballet and G. Barbiellini and D. Bastieri and K. Bechtol and R. Bellazzini and Blandford, \{R. D.\} and Bloom, \{E. D.\} and E. Bonamente and E. Bottacini and A. Bouvier and Brandt, \{T. J.\} and J. Bregeon and M. Brigida and P. Bruel and R. Buehler and S. Buson and Caliandro, \{G. A.\} and Cameron, \{R. A.\} and Caraveo, \{P. A.\} and E. Cavazzuti and C. Cecchi and E. Charles and A. Chekhtman and Cheung, \{C. C.\} and J. Chiang and G. Chiaro and S. Ciprini and R. Claus and J. Cohen-Tanugi and J. Conrad and S. Cutini and M. Dalton and F. D'Ammando and \{De Angelis\}, A. and \{De Palma\}, F. and Dermer, \{C. D.\} and \{Di Venere\}, L. and Drell, \{P. S.\} and A. Drlica-Wagner and C. Favuzzi and Fegan, \{S. J.\} and Ferrara, \{E. C.\} and Focke, \{W. B.\} and A. Franckowiak and Y. Fukazawa and S. Funk and P. Fusco and F. Gargano and D. Gasparrini and S. Germani and N. Giglietto and F. Giordano and M. Giroletti and T. Glanzman and G. Godfrey and Grenier, \{I. A.\} and Grondin, \{M. H.\} and Grove, \{J. E.\} and S. Guiriec and D. Hadasch and Y. Hanabata and Harding, \{A. K.\} and M. Hayashida and E. Hays and J. Hewitt and Hill, \{A. B.\} and D. Horan and X. Hou and Hughes, \{R. E.\} and Y. Inoue and Jackson, \{M. S.\} and T. Jogler and G. J{\'o}hannesson and Johnson, \{W. N.\} and T. Kamae and J. Kataoka and T. Kawano and J. Kn{\"o}dlseder and M. Kuss and J. Lande and S. Larsson and L. Latronico and M. Lemoine-Goumard and F. Longo and F. Loparco and B. Lott and Lovellette, \{M. N.\} and P. Lubrano and M. Mayer and Mazziotta, \{M. N.\} and McEnery, \{J. E.\} and Michelson, \{P. F.\} and W. Mitthumsiri and T. Mizuno and C. Monte and Monzani, \{M. E.\} and A. Morselli and Moskalenko, \{I. V.\} and S. Murgia and R. Nemmen and E. Nuss and T. Ohsugi and A. Okumura and N. Omodei and M. Orienti and E. Orlando and Ormes, \{J. F.\} and D. Paneque and Panetta, \{J. H.\} and Perkins, \{J. S.\} and M. Pesce-Rollins and F. Piron and G. Pivato and Porter, \{T. A.\} and S. Rain{\`o} and R. Rando and M. Razzano and A. Reimer and O. Reimer and C. Romoli and M. Roth and M. S{\'a}nchez-Conde and Scargle, \{J. D.\} and A. Schulz and C. Sgr{\`o} and Siskind, \{E. J.\} and G. Spandre and P. Spinelli and Suson, \{D. J.\} and H. Takahashi and Y. Takeuchi and Thayer, \{J. G.\} and Thayer, \{J. B.\} and Thompson, \{D. J.\} and L. Tibaldo and M. Tinivella and Torres, \{D. F.\} and G. Tosti and E. Troja and V. Tronconi and Usher, \{T. L.\} and J. Vandenbroucke and V. Vasileiou and G. Vianello and V. Vitale and Winer, \{B. L.\} and Wood, \{K. S.\} and M. Wood and Z. Yang",

year = "2013",

month = jul,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/57",

language = "English",

volume = "771",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

number = "1",

}

Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Albert, A, Allafort, A, Antolini, E, Baldini, L, Ballet, J, Barbiellini, G, Bastieri, D, Bechtol, K, Bellazzini, R, Blandford, RD, Bloom, ED, Bonamente, E, Bottacini, E, Bouvier, A, Brandt, TJ, Bregeon, J, Brigida, M, Bruel, P, Buehler, R, Buson, S, Caliandro, GA, Cameron, RA, Caraveo, PA, Cavazzuti, E, Cecchi, C, Charles, E, Chekhtman, A, Cheung, CC, Chiang, J, Chiaro, G, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen-Tanugi, J, Conrad, J, Cutini, S, Dalton, M, D'Ammando, F, De Angelis, A, De Palma, F, Dermer, CD, Di Venere, L, Drell, PS, Drlica-Wagner, A, Favuzzi, C, Fegan, SJ, Ferrara, EC, Focke, WB, Franckowiak, A, Fukazawa, Y, Funk, S, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gasparrini, D, Germani, S, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Glanzman, T, Godfrey, G, Grenier, IA, Grondin, MH, Grove, JE, Guiriec, S, Hadasch, D, Hanabata, Y, Harding, AK, Hayashida, M, Hays, E, Hewitt, J, Hill, AB, Horan, D, Hou, X, Hughes, RE, Inoue, Y, Jackson, MS, Jogler, T, Jóhannesson, G, Johnson, WN, Kamae, T, Kataoka, J, Kawano, T, Knödlseder, J, Kuss, M, Lande, J, Larsson, S, Latronico, L, Lemoine-Goumard, M, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lott, B, Lovellette, MN, Lubrano, P, Mayer, M, Mazziotta, MN, McEnery, JE, Michelson, PF, Mitthumsiri, W, Mizuno, T, Monte, C, Monzani, ME, Morselli, A, Moskalenko, IV, Murgia, S, Nemmen, R, Nuss, E, Ohsugi, T, Okumura, A, Omodei, N, Orienti, M, Orlando, E, Ormes, JF, Paneque, D, Panetta, JH, Perkins, JS, Pesce-Rollins, M, Piron, F, Pivato, G, Porter, TA, Rainò, S, Rando, R, Razzano, M, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Romoli, C, Roth, M, Sánchez-Conde, M, Scargle, JD, Schulz, A, Sgrò, C, Siskind, EJ, Spandre, G, Spinelli, P, Suson, DJ, Takahashi, H, Takeuchi, Y, Thayer, JG, Thayer, JB, Thompson, DJ, Tibaldo, L, Tinivella, M, Torres, DF, Tosti, G, Troja, E, Tronconi, V, Usher, TL, Vandenbroucke, J, Vasileiou, V, Vianello, G, Vitale, V, Winer, BL, Wood, KS, Wood, M & Yang, Z 2013, 'The Fermi all-sky variability analysis: A list of flaring gamma-ray sources and the search for transients in our galaxy', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 771, no. 1, 57. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/57

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Fermi all-sky variability analysis

T2 - A list of flaring gamma-ray sources and the search for transients in our galaxy

AU - Ackermann, M.

AU - Ajello, M.

AU - Albert, A.

AU - Allafort, A.

AU - Antolini, E.

AU - Baldini, L.

AU - Ballet, J.

AU - Barbiellini, G.

AU - Bastieri, D.

AU - Bechtol, K.

AU - Bellazzini, R.

AU - Blandford, R. D.

AU - Bloom, E. D.

AU - Bonamente, E.

AU - Bottacini, E.

AU - Bouvier, A.

AU - Brandt, T. J.

AU - Bregeon, J.

AU - Brigida, M.

AU - Bruel, P.

AU - Buehler, R.

AU - Buson, S.

AU - Caliandro, G. A.

AU - Cameron, R. A.

AU - Caraveo, P. A.

AU - Cavazzuti, E.

AU - Cecchi, C.

AU - Charles, E.

AU - Chekhtman, A.

AU - Cheung, C. C.

AU - Chiang, J.

AU - Chiaro, G.

AU - Ciprini, S.

AU - Claus, R.

AU - Cohen-Tanugi, J.

AU - Conrad, J.

AU - Cutini, S.

AU - Dalton, M.

AU - D'Ammando, F.

AU - De Angelis, A.

AU - De Palma, F.

AU - Dermer, C. D.

AU - Di Venere, L.

AU - Drell, P. S.

AU - Drlica-Wagner, A.

AU - Favuzzi, C.

AU - Fegan, S. J.

AU - Ferrara, E. C.

AU - Focke, W. B.

AU - Franckowiak, A.

AU - Fukazawa, Y.

AU - Funk, S.

AU - Fusco, P.

AU - Gargano, F.

AU - Gasparrini, D.

AU - Germani, S.

AU - Giglietto, N.

AU - Giordano, F.

AU - Giroletti, M.

AU - Glanzman, T.

AU - Godfrey, G.

AU - Grenier, I. A.

AU - Grondin, M. H.

AU - Grove, J. E.

AU - Guiriec, S.

AU - Hadasch, D.

AU - Hanabata, Y.

AU - Harding, A. K.

AU - Hayashida, M.

AU - Hays, E.

AU - Hewitt, J.

AU - Hill, A. B.

AU - Horan, D.

AU - Hou, X.

AU - Hughes, R. E.

AU - Inoue, Y.

AU - Jackson, M. S.

AU - Jogler, T.

AU - Jóhannesson, G.

AU - Johnson, W. N.

AU - Kamae, T.

AU - Kataoka, J.

AU - Kawano, T.

AU - Knödlseder, J.

AU - Kuss, M.

AU - Lande, J.

AU - Larsson, S.

AU - Latronico, L.

AU - Lemoine-Goumard, M.

AU - Longo, F.

AU - Loparco, F.

AU - Lott, B.

AU - Lovellette, M. N.

AU - Lubrano, P.

AU - Mayer, M.

AU - Mazziotta, M. N.

AU - McEnery, J. E.

AU - Michelson, P. F.

AU - Mitthumsiri, W.

AU - Mizuno, T.

AU - Monte, C.

AU - Monzani, M. E.

AU - Morselli, A.

AU - Moskalenko, I. V.

AU - Murgia, S.

AU - Nemmen, R.

AU - Nuss, E.

AU - Ohsugi, T.

AU - Okumura, A.

AU - Omodei, N.

AU - Orienti, M.

AU - Orlando, E.

AU - Ormes, J. F.

AU - Paneque, D.

AU - Panetta, J. H.

AU - Perkins, J. S.

AU - Pesce-Rollins, M.

AU - Piron, F.

AU - Pivato, G.

AU - Porter, T. A.

AU - Rainò, S.

AU - Rando, R.

AU - Razzano, M.

AU - Reimer, A.

AU - Reimer, O.

AU - Romoli, C.

AU - Roth, M.

AU - Sánchez-Conde, M.

AU - Scargle, J. D.

AU - Schulz, A.

AU - Sgrò, C.

AU - Siskind, E. J.

AU - Spandre, G.

AU - Spinelli, P.

AU - Suson, D. J.

AU - Takahashi, H.

AU - Takeuchi, Y.

AU - Thayer, J. G.

AU - Thayer, J. B.

AU - Thompson, D. J.

AU - Tibaldo, L.

AU - Tinivella, M.

AU - Torres, D. F.

AU - Tosti, G.

AU - Troja, E.

AU - Tronconi, V.

AU - Usher, T. L.

AU - Vandenbroucke, J.

AU - Vasileiou, V.

AU - Vianello, G.

AU - Vitale, V.

AU - Winer, B. L.

AU - Wood, K. S.

AU - Wood, M.

AU - Yang, Z.

PY - 2013/7/1

Y1 - 2013/7/1

N2 - In this paper, we present the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis (FAVA), a tool to systematically study the variability of the gamma-ray sky measured by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. For each direction on the sky, FAVA compares the number of gamma-rays observed in a given time window to the number of gamma-rays expected for the average emission detected from that direction. This method is used in weekly time intervals to derive a list of 215 flaring gamma-ray sources. We proceed to discuss the 27 sources found at Galactic latitudes smaller than 10° and show that, despite their low latitudes, most of them are likely of extragalactic origin.

AB - In this paper, we present the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis (FAVA), a tool to systematically study the variability of the gamma-ray sky measured by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. For each direction on the sky, FAVA compares the number of gamma-rays observed in a given time window to the number of gamma-rays expected for the average emission detected from that direction. This method is used in weekly time intervals to derive a list of 215 flaring gamma-ray sources. We proceed to discuss the 27 sources found at Galactic latitudes smaller than 10° and show that, despite their low latitudes, most of them are likely of extragalactic origin.

KW - BL Lacertae objects: general

KW - binaries: general

KW - catalogs

KW - galaxies: active

KW - stars: flare

KW - surveys

U2 - 10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/57

DO - 10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/57

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84879388107

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 771

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 57

ER -

The Fermi all-sky variability analysis: A list of flaring gamma-ray sources and the search for transients in our galaxy

Abstract

Keywords

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