The H.E.S.S. Extragalactic sky survey with the first decade of observations

F. Aharonian; F. Ait Benkhali; J. Aschersleben; H. Ashkar; M. Backes; V. Barbosa Martins; R. Batzofin; Y. Becherini; D. Berge; K. Bernlöhr; M. Böttcher; C. Boisson; J. Bolmont; M. De Bony De Lavergne; J. Borowska; M. Bouyahiaoui; F. Bradascio; R. Brose; A. Brown; F. Brun; B. Bruno; T. Bulik; C. Burger-Scheidlin; T. Bylund; S. Casanova; J. Celic; M. Cerruti; T. Chand; S. Chandra; A. Chen; J. Chibueze; O. Chibueze; G. Cotter; P. Cristofari; J. D. Mbarubucyeye; I. D. Davids; J. Devin; J. Djuvsland; A. Dmytriiev; K. Egberts; S. Einecke; S. Fegan; G. Fontaine; S. Funk; S. Gabici; J. F. Glicenstein; J. Glombitza; P. Goswami; G. Grolleron; L. Haerer; B. Hea; J. A. Hinton; W. Hofmann; T. L. Holch; M. Holler; D. Horns; Zhiqiu Huang; M. Jamrozy; F. Jankowsky; A. Jardin-Blicq; E. Kasai; K. Katarzyaski; R. Khatoon; B. Khélifi; Nu Komin; K. Kosack; D. Kostunin; A. Kundu; R. G. Lang; S. Le Stum; A. Lemière; M. Lemoine-Goumard; J. P. Lenain; F. Leuschner; A. Luashvili; J. Mackey; D. Malyshev; V. Marandon; G. Martí-Devesa; R. Marx; A. Mehta; A. Mitchell; R. Moderski; L. Mohrmann; A. Montanari; M. De Naurois; J. Niemiec; P. O-Brien; L. Olivera-Nieto; E. De Ona Wilhelmi; M. Ostrowski; S. Panny; M. Panter; U. Pensec; G. Pühlhofer; M. Punch; A. Quirrenbach; S. Ravikularaman; M. Regeard; A. Reimer; O. Reimer; I. Reis; H. Ren; B. Reville; F. Rieger; G. Rowell; B. Rudak; E. Ruiz-Velasco; V. Sahakian; H. Salzmann; D. A. Sanchez; A. Santangelo; M. Sasaki; J. Schäfer; F. Schüssler; J. N.S. Shapopi; A. Sharma; H. Sol; S. Spencer; Stawarz; R. Steenkamp; S. Steinmassl; C. Steppa; H. Suzuki; T. Takahashi; T. Tanaka; A. M. Taylor; R. Terrier; A. Thakur; M. Tsirou; C. Van Eldik; M. Vecchi; C. Venter; J. Vink; H. J. Völk; T. Wach; S. J. Wagner; A. Wierzcholska; M. Zacharias; A. A. Zdziarski; A. Zech; N. Åywucka

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452723

The H.E.S.S. Extragalactic sky survey with the first decade of observations

F. Aharonian
, F. Ait Benkhali
, J. Aschersleben
, H. Ashkar
, M. Backes
, V. Barbosa Martins
, R. Batzofin
, Y. Becherini
, D. Berge
, K. Bernlöhr
, M. Böttcher
, C. Boisson
, J. Bolmont
, M. De Bony De Lavergne
, J. Borowska
, M. Bouyahiaoui
, F. Bradascio
, R. Brose
, A. Brown
, F. Brun

B. Bruno, T. Bulik, C. Burger-Scheidlin, T. Bylund, S. Casanova, J. Celic, M. Cerruti, T. Chand, S. Chandra, A. Chen, J. Chibueze, O. Chibueze, G. Cotter, P. Cristofari, J. D. Mbarubucyeye, I. D. Davids, J. Devin, J. Djuvsland, A. Dmytriiev, K. Egberts, S. Einecke, S. Fegan, G. Fontaine, S. Funk, S. Gabici, J. F. Glicenstein, J. Glombitza, P. Goswami, G. Grolleron, L. Haerer, B. Hea, J. A. Hinton, W. Hofmann, T. L. Holch, M. Holler, D. Horns, Zhiqiu Huang, M. Jamrozy, F. Jankowsky, A. Jardin-Blicq, E. Kasai, K. Katarzyaski, R. Khatoon, B. Khélifi, Nu Komin, K. Kosack, D. Kostunin, A. Kundu, R. G. Lang, S. Le Stum, A. Lemière, M. Lemoine-Goumard, J. P. Lenain, F. Leuschner, A. Luashvili, J. Mackey, D. Malyshev, V. Marandon, G. Martí-Devesa, R. Marx, A. Mehta, A. Mitchell, R. Moderski, L. Mohrmann, A. Montanari, M. De Naurois, J. Niemiec, P. O-Brien, L. Olivera-Nieto, E. De Ona Wilhelmi, M. Ostrowski, S. Panny, M. Panter, U. Pensec, G. Pühlhofer, M. Punch, A. Quirrenbach, S. Ravikularaman, M. Regeard, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, I. Reis, H. Ren, B. Reville, F. Rieger, G. Rowell, B. Rudak, E. Ruiz-Velasco, V. Sahakian, H. Salzmann, D. A. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, M. Sasaki, J. Schäfer, F. Schüssler, J. N.S. Shapopi, A. Sharma, H. Sol, S. Spencer, Stawarz, R. Steenkamp, S. Steinmassl, C. Steppa, H. Suzuki, T. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, A. M. Taylor, R. Terrier, A. Thakur, M. Tsirou, C. Van Eldik, M. Vecchi, C. Venter, J. Vink, H. J. Völk, T. Wach, S. J. Wagner, A. Wierzcholska, M. Zacharias, A. A. Zdziarski, A. Zech, N. Åywucka

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies
Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
Yerevan State University
Landessternwarte Heidelberg
University of Groningen
University of Namibia
North-West University
c/o DESY
University of Potsdam
Astroparticule and Cosmol APC
Linnaeus University, Växjö
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
LUTH - Laboratoire de l'Univers et de ses Theories
Sorbonne Université
Université Paris-Saclay
University of Oxford
Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
University of Warsaw
Institute for Nuclear Physics
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier
University of Adelaide
Ip Paris
University of Tübingen
University of Innsbruck
Universität Hamburg
Jagiellonian University
UMR 5797
Nicolaus Copernicus University
Aix-Marseille Université
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences
University of Leicester
Université Savoie Mont Blanc
Yerevan Physics Institute
Konan University
University of Tokyo
University of Amsterdam

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

The results of the first extragalactic gamma-ray survey by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) are presented. The survey comprises 2720 hours of very high-energy gamma-ray observations of the extragalactic sky, recorded with H.E.S.S. from 2004 up to the end of 2012. These data have been re-analysed using a common consistent set of up-to-date data calibration and analysis tools. From this analysis, a list of 23 detected objects, predominantly blazars, was obtained. This catalogue was assessed in terms of the source class populations that it contains. The level of source parameter bias for the blazar sources, probed by this observational dataset, was evaluated using Monte-Carlo simulations. Spectral results obtained with the H.E.S.S. data were compared with the Fermi-LAT catalogues to present the full gamma-ray picture of the detected objects. Lastly, this unique dataset was used to assess the contribution of BL Lacertae objects and flat-spectrum radio quasars to the extragalactic gamma-ray background light at several hundreds of gigaelectronvolts. These results are accompanied by the release of the high-level data to the astrophysical community.

Original language	English
Article number	A261
Journal	Astronomy and Astrophysics
Volume	695
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452723
Publication status	Published - 1 Mar 2025

Keywords

BL Lacertae objects: general
Galaxies: Active
Galaxies: jets
Gamma rays: galaxies
Gamma rays: general

Access to Document

10.1051/0004-6361/202452723

Cite this

Aharonian, F., Ait Benkhali, F., Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Barbosa Martins, V., Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., De Bony De Lavergne, M., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Brose, R., Brown, A., ... Åywucka, N. (2025). The H.E.S.S. Extragalactic sky survey with the first decade of observations. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 695, Article A261. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452723

@article{93e13a180f5e4d958f394105435be769,

title = "The H.E.S.S. Extragalactic sky survey with the first decade of observations",

abstract = "The results of the first extragalactic gamma-ray survey by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) are presented. The survey comprises 2720 hours of very high-energy gamma-ray observations of the extragalactic sky, recorded with H.E.S.S. from 2004 up to the end of 2012. These data have been re-analysed using a common consistent set of up-to-date data calibration and analysis tools. From this analysis, a list of 23 detected objects, predominantly blazars, was obtained. This catalogue was assessed in terms of the source class populations that it contains. The level of source parameter bias for the blazar sources, probed by this observational dataset, was evaluated using Monte-Carlo simulations. Spectral results obtained with the H.E.S.S. data were compared with the Fermi-LAT catalogues to present the full gamma-ray picture of the detected objects. Lastly, this unique dataset was used to assess the contribution of BL Lacertae objects and flat-spectrum radio quasars to the extragalactic gamma-ray background light at several hundreds of gigaelectronvolts. These results are accompanied by the release of the high-level data to the astrophysical community.",

keywords = "BL Lacertae objects: general, Galaxies: Active, Galaxies: jets, Gamma rays: galaxies, Gamma rays: general",

author = "F. Aharonian and \{Ait Benkhali\}, F. and J. Aschersleben and H. Ashkar and M. Backes and \{Barbosa Martins\}, V. and R. Batzofin and Y. Becherini and D. Berge and K. Bernl{\"o}hr and M. B{\"o}ttcher and C. Boisson and J. Bolmont and \{De Bony De Lavergne\}, M. and J. Borowska and M. Bouyahiaoui and F. Bradascio and R. Brose and A. Brown and F. Brun and B. Bruno and T. Bulik and C. Burger-Scheidlin and T. Bylund and S. Casanova and J. Celic and M. Cerruti and T. Chand and S. Chandra and A. Chen and J. Chibueze and O. Chibueze and G. Cotter and P. Cristofari and Mbarubucyeye, \{J. D.\} and Davids, \{I. D.\} and J. Devin and J. Djuvsland and A. Dmytriiev and K. Egberts and S. Einecke and S. Fegan and G. Fontaine and S. Funk and S. Gabici and Glicenstein, \{J. F.\} and J. Glombitza and P. Goswami and G. Grolleron and L. Haerer and B. Hea and Hinton, \{J. A.\} and W. Hofmann and Holch, \{T. L.\} and M. Holler and D. Horns and Zhiqiu Huang and M. Jamrozy and F. Jankowsky and A. Jardin-Blicq and E. Kasai and K. Katarzyaski and R. Khatoon and B. Kh{\'e}lifi and Nu Komin and K. Kosack and D. Kostunin and A. Kundu and Lang, \{R. G.\} and \{Le Stum\}, S. and A. Lemi{\`e}re and M. Lemoine-Goumard and Lenain, \{J. P.\} and F. Leuschner and A. Luashvili and J. Mackey and D. Malyshev and V. Marandon and G. Mart{\'i}-Devesa and R. Marx and A. Mehta and A. Mitchell and R. Moderski and L. Mohrmann and A. Montanari and \{De Naurois\}, M. and J. Niemiec and P. O-Brien and L. Olivera-Nieto and \{De Ona Wilhelmi\}, E. and M. Ostrowski and S. Panny and M. Panter and U. Pensec and G. P{\"u}hlhofer and M. Punch and A. Quirrenbach and S. Ravikularaman and M. Regeard and A. Reimer and O. Reimer and I. Reis and H. Ren and B. Reville and F. Rieger and G. Rowell and B. Rudak and E. Ruiz-Velasco and V. Sahakian and H. Salzmann and Sanchez, \{D. A.\} and A. Santangelo and M. Sasaki and J. Sch{\"a}fer and F. Sch{\"u}ssler and Shapopi, \{J. N.S.\} and A. Sharma and H. Sol and S. Spencer and Stawarz and R. Steenkamp and S. Steinmassl and C. Steppa and H. Suzuki and T. Takahashi and T. Tanaka and Taylor, \{A. M.\} and R. Terrier and A. Thakur and M. Tsirou and \{Van Eldik\}, C. and M. Vecchi and C. Venter and J. Vink and V{\"o}lk, \{H. J.\} and T. Wach and Wagner, \{S. J.\} and A. Wierzcholska and M. Zacharias and Zdziarski, \{A. A.\} and A. Zech and N. {\AA}ywucka",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Authors 2025.",

year = "2025",

month = mar,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/202452723",

language = "English",

volume = "695",

journal = "Astronomy and Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

}

Aharonian, F, Ait Benkhali, F, Aschersleben, J, Ashkar, H, Backes, M, Barbosa Martins, V, Batzofin, R, Becherini, Y, Berge, D, Bernlöhr, K, Böttcher, M, Boisson, C, Bolmont, J, De Bony De Lavergne, M, Borowska, J, Bouyahiaoui, M, Bradascio, F, Brose, R, Brown, A, Brun, F, Bruno, B, Bulik, T, Burger-Scheidlin, C, Bylund, T, Casanova, S, Celic, J, Cerruti, M, Chand, T, Chandra, S, Chen, A, Chibueze, J, Chibueze, O, Cotter, G, Cristofari, P, Mbarubucyeye, JD, Davids, ID, Devin, J, Djuvsland, J, Dmytriiev, A, Egberts, K, Einecke, S, Fegan, S, Fontaine, G, Funk, S, Gabici, S, Glicenstein, JF, Glombitza, J, Goswami, P, Grolleron, G, Haerer, L, Hea, B, Hinton, JA, Hofmann, W, Holch, TL, Holler, M, Horns, D, Huang, Z, Jamrozy, M, Jankowsky, F, Jardin-Blicq, A, Kasai, E, Katarzyaski, K, Khatoon, R, Khélifi, B, Komin, N, Kosack, K, Kostunin, D, Kundu, A, Lang, RG, Le Stum, S, Lemière, A, Lemoine-Goumard, M, Lenain, JP, Leuschner, F, Luashvili, A, Mackey, J, Malyshev, D, Marandon, V, Martí-Devesa, G, Marx, R, Mehta, A, Mitchell, A, Moderski, R, Mohrmann, L, Montanari, A, De Naurois, M, Niemiec, J, O-Brien, P, Olivera-Nieto, L, De Ona Wilhelmi, E, Ostrowski, M, Panny, S, Panter, M, Pensec, U, Pühlhofer, G, Punch, M, Quirrenbach, A, Ravikularaman, S, Regeard, M, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Reis, I, Ren, H, Reville, B, Rieger, F, Rowell, G, Rudak, B, Ruiz-Velasco, E, Sahakian, V, Salzmann, H, Sanchez, DA, Santangelo, A, Sasaki, M, Schäfer, J, Schüssler, F, Shapopi, JNS, Sharma, A, Sol, H, Spencer, S, Stawarz, Steenkamp, R, Steinmassl, S, Steppa, C, Suzuki, H, Takahashi, T, Tanaka, T, Taylor, AM, Terrier, R, Thakur, A, Tsirou, M, Van Eldik, C, Vecchi, M, Venter, C, Vink, J, Völk, HJ, Wach, T, Wagner, SJ, Wierzcholska, A, Zacharias, M, Zdziarski, AA, Zech, A & Åywucka, N 2025, 'The H.E.S.S. Extragalactic sky survey with the first decade of observations', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 695, A261. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452723

TY - JOUR

T1 - The H.E.S.S. Extragalactic sky survey with the first decade of observations

AU - Aharonian, F.

AU - Ait Benkhali, F.

AU - Aschersleben, J.

AU - Ashkar, H.

AU - Backes, M.

AU - Barbosa Martins, V.

AU - Batzofin, R.

AU - Becherini, Y.

AU - Berge, D.

AU - Bernlöhr, K.

AU - Böttcher, M.

AU - Boisson, C.

AU - Bolmont, J.

AU - De Bony De Lavergne, M.

AU - Borowska, J.

AU - Bouyahiaoui, M.

AU - Bradascio, F.

AU - Brose, R.

AU - Brown, A.

AU - Brun, F.

AU - Bruno, B.

AU - Bulik, T.

AU - Burger-Scheidlin, C.

AU - Bylund, T.

AU - Casanova, S.

AU - Celic, J.

AU - Cerruti, M.

AU - Chand, T.

AU - Chandra, S.

AU - Chen, A.

AU - Chibueze, J.

AU - Chibueze, O.

AU - Cotter, G.

AU - Cristofari, P.

AU - Mbarubucyeye, J. D.

AU - Davids, I. D.

AU - Devin, J.

AU - Djuvsland, J.

AU - Dmytriiev, A.

AU - Egberts, K.

AU - Einecke, S.

AU - Fegan, S.

AU - Fontaine, G.

AU - Funk, S.

AU - Gabici, S.

AU - Glicenstein, J. F.

AU - Glombitza, J.

AU - Goswami, P.

AU - Grolleron, G.

AU - Haerer, L.

AU - Hea, B.

AU - Hinton, J. A.

AU - Hofmann, W.

AU - Holch, T. L.

AU - Holler, M.

AU - Horns, D.

AU - Huang, Zhiqiu

AU - Jamrozy, M.

AU - Jankowsky, F.

AU - Jardin-Blicq, A.

AU - Kasai, E.

AU - Katarzyaski, K.

AU - Khatoon, R.

AU - Khélifi, B.

AU - Komin, Nu

AU - Kosack, K.

AU - Kostunin, D.

AU - Kundu, A.

AU - Lang, R. G.

AU - Le Stum, S.

AU - Lemière, A.

AU - Lemoine-Goumard, M.

AU - Lenain, J. P.

AU - Leuschner, F.

AU - Luashvili, A.

AU - Mackey, J.

AU - Malyshev, D.

AU - Marandon, V.

AU - Martí-Devesa, G.

AU - Marx, R.

AU - Mehta, A.

AU - Mitchell, A.

AU - Moderski, R.

AU - Mohrmann, L.

AU - Montanari, A.

AU - De Naurois, M.

AU - Niemiec, J.

AU - O-Brien, P.

AU - Olivera-Nieto, L.

AU - De Ona Wilhelmi, E.

AU - Ostrowski, M.

AU - Panny, S.

AU - Panter, M.

AU - Pensec, U.

AU - Pühlhofer, G.

AU - Punch, M.

AU - Quirrenbach, A.

AU - Ravikularaman, S.

AU - Regeard, M.

AU - Reimer, A.

AU - Reimer, O.

AU - Reis, I.

AU - Ren, H.

AU - Reville, B.

AU - Rieger, F.

AU - Rowell, G.

AU - Rudak, B.

AU - Ruiz-Velasco, E.

AU - Sahakian, V.

AU - Salzmann, H.

AU - Sanchez, D. A.

AU - Santangelo, A.

AU - Sasaki, M.

AU - Schäfer, J.

AU - Schüssler, F.

AU - Shapopi, J. N.S.

AU - Sharma, A.

AU - Sol, H.

AU - Spencer, S.

AU - Stawarz,

AU - Steenkamp, R.

AU - Steinmassl, S.

AU - Steppa, C.

AU - Suzuki, H.

AU - Takahashi, T.

AU - Tanaka, T.

AU - Taylor, A. M.

AU - Terrier, R.

AU - Thakur, A.

AU - Tsirou, M.

AU - Van Eldik, C.

AU - Vecchi, M.

AU - Venter, C.

AU - Vink, J.

AU - Völk, H. J.

AU - Wach, T.

AU - Wagner, S. J.

AU - Wierzcholska, A.

AU - Zacharias, M.

AU - Zdziarski, A. A.

AU - Zech, A.

AU - Åywucka, N.

PY - 2025/3/1

Y1 - 2025/3/1

N2 - The results of the first extragalactic gamma-ray survey by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) are presented. The survey comprises 2720 hours of very high-energy gamma-ray observations of the extragalactic sky, recorded with H.E.S.S. from 2004 up to the end of 2012. These data have been re-analysed using a common consistent set of up-to-date data calibration and analysis tools. From this analysis, a list of 23 detected objects, predominantly blazars, was obtained. This catalogue was assessed in terms of the source class populations that it contains. The level of source parameter bias for the blazar sources, probed by this observational dataset, was evaluated using Monte-Carlo simulations. Spectral results obtained with the H.E.S.S. data were compared with the Fermi-LAT catalogues to present the full gamma-ray picture of the detected objects. Lastly, this unique dataset was used to assess the contribution of BL Lacertae objects and flat-spectrum radio quasars to the extragalactic gamma-ray background light at several hundreds of gigaelectronvolts. These results are accompanied by the release of the high-level data to the astrophysical community.

AB - The results of the first extragalactic gamma-ray survey by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) are presented. The survey comprises 2720 hours of very high-energy gamma-ray observations of the extragalactic sky, recorded with H.E.S.S. from 2004 up to the end of 2012. These data have been re-analysed using a common consistent set of up-to-date data calibration and analysis tools. From this analysis, a list of 23 detected objects, predominantly blazars, was obtained. This catalogue was assessed in terms of the source class populations that it contains. The level of source parameter bias for the blazar sources, probed by this observational dataset, was evaluated using Monte-Carlo simulations. Spectral results obtained with the H.E.S.S. data were compared with the Fermi-LAT catalogues to present the full gamma-ray picture of the detected objects. Lastly, this unique dataset was used to assess the contribution of BL Lacertae objects and flat-spectrum radio quasars to the extragalactic gamma-ray background light at several hundreds of gigaelectronvolts. These results are accompanied by the release of the high-level data to the astrophysical community.

KW - BL Lacertae objects: general

KW - Galaxies: Active

KW - Galaxies: jets

KW - Gamma rays: galaxies

KW - Gamma rays: general

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105001650824

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202452723

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202452723

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105001650824

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 695

JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics

M1 - A261

ER -

The H.E.S.S. Extragalactic sky survey with the first decade of observations

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Keywords

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