The high voltage splitter board for the JUNO SPMT system

Pablo Walker; Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux; Angel Abusleme; Agustin Campeny; Mathieu Bongrand; Clément Bordereau; José Busto; Anatael Cabrera; Stéphane Callier; Steven Calvez; Cédric Cerna; Thomas Chabaud; Po An Chen; Guoming Chen; Ziliang Chu; Gérard Claverie; Christophe De La Taille; Charles Edouard Demonchy; Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo; Frédéric Druillole; Lei Fan; Amélie Fournier; Yang Han; Miao He; Patrick Hellmuth; Rafael Herrera; Yee Hsiung; Bei Zhen Hu; Jun Hu; Guihong Huang; Yongbo Huang; Cédric Huss; Léonard Imbert; Adrienne Jacobi; Ignacio Jeria; Xiaoshan Jiang; Xiaoping Jing; Cécile Jollet; Jean Jouve; Sindhujha Kumaran; Loïc Labit; Sébastien Leblanc; Victor Lebrin; Matthieu Lecocq; Hongbang Liu; Kainan Liu; Xiwen Liu; Roberto Carlos Mandujano; Anselmo Meregaglia; Diana Navas-Nicolas; Zhe Ning; Yujie Niu; Frédéric Perrot; Rebin Karaparambil Rajan; Reem Rasheed; Abdel Rebii; Mathieu Roche; Cayetano Santos; Mariangela Settimo; Yunhua Sun; Jingzhe Tang; Giancarlo Troni; Benoit Viaud; Chung Hsiang Wang; Jian Wang; Yangfu Wang; Zhimin Wang; Diru Wu; Jacques Wurtz; Wan Xie; Jilei Xu; Jinghuan Xu; Meihang Xu; Chengfeng Yang; Frédéric Yermia; Junwei Zhang; Siyuan Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2025.171022

The high voltage splitter board for the JUNO SPMT system

Pablo Walker
, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux
, Angel Abusleme
, Agustin Campeny
, Mathieu Bongrand
, Clément Bordereau
, José Busto
, Anatael Cabrera
, Stéphane Callier
, Steven Calvez
, Cédric Cerna
, Thomas Chabaud
, Po An Chen
, Guoming Chen
, Ziliang Chu
, Gérard Claverie
, Christophe De La Taille
, Charles Edouard Demonchy
, Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo
, Frédéric Druillole

Lei Fan, Amélie Fournier, Yang Han, Miao He, Patrick Hellmuth, Rafael Herrera, Yee Hsiung, Bei Zhen Hu, Jun Hu, Guihong Huang, Yongbo Huang, Cédric Huss, Léonard Imbert, Adrienne Jacobi, Ignacio Jeria, Xiaoshan Jiang, Xiaoping Jing, Cécile Jollet, Jean Jouve, Sindhujha Kumaran, Loïc Labit, Sébastien Leblanc, Victor Lebrin, Matthieu Lecocq, Hongbang Liu, Kainan Liu, Xiwen Liu, Roberto Carlos Mandujano, Anselmo Meregaglia, Diana Navas-Nicolas, Zhe Ning, Yujie Niu, Frédéric Perrot, Rebin Karaparambil Rajan, Reem Rasheed, Abdel Rebii, Mathieu Roche, Cayetano Santos, Mariangela Settimo, Yunhua Sun, Jingzhe Tang, Giancarlo Troni, Benoit Viaud, Chung Hsiang Wang, Jian Wang, Yangfu Wang, Zhimin Wang, Diru Wu, Jacques Wurtz, Wan Xie, Jilei Xu, Jinghuan Xu, Meihang Xu, Chengfeng Yang, Frédéric Yermia, Junwei Zhang, Siyuan Zhang

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Millennium Institute for Subatomic physics at high energy frontier (SAPHIR)
Department of Physics and Astronomy
Long Beach VA and University of California
Université de Nantes
UMR 5797
Department of Physics
National Taiwan University
Aix-Marseille Université
Bât. 104-108
Guangxi University
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Wuyi University
Université de Strasbourg
National United University Taiwan

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) in southern China is designed to study neutrinos from nuclear reactors and natural sources to address fundamental questions in neutrino physics. Achieving its goals requires continuous operation over a 20-year period. The small photomultiplier tube (small PMT or SPMT) system is a subsystem within the experiment composed of 25,600 3-inch PMTs and their associated readout electronics. The High Voltage Splitter (HVS) is the first board on the readout chain of the SPMT system and services the PMTs by providing high voltage for biasing and by decoupling the generated physics signal from the high-voltage bias for readout, which is then fed to the front-end board. The necessity to handle high voltage, manage a large channel count, and operate stably for 20 years imposes significant constraints on the physical design of the HVS. This paper serves as a comprehensive documentation of the HVS board: its role in the SPMT readout system, the challenges in its design, performance and reliability metrics, and the methods employed for production and quality control.

Original language	English
Article number	171022
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume	1082
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.171022
Publication status	Published - 1 Feb 2026
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Front-end
High voltage
JUNO
PCB
PMT

Access to Document

10.1016/j.nima.2025.171022

Cite this

Walker, P., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Abusleme, A., Campeny, A., Bongrand, M., Bordereau, C., Busto, J., Cabrera, A., Callier, S., Calvez, S., Cerna, C., Chabaud, T., Chen, P. A., Chen, G., Chu, Z., Claverie, G., De La Taille, C., Demonchy, C. E., Conforti Di Lorenzo, S., ... Zhang, S. (2026). The high voltage splitter board for the JUNO SPMT system. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1082, Article 171022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.171022

@article{aae825a904ff4e92865a1a3bb2240a2f,

title = "The high voltage splitter board for the JUNO SPMT system",

abstract = "The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) in southern China is designed to study neutrinos from nuclear reactors and natural sources to address fundamental questions in neutrino physics. Achieving its goals requires continuous operation over a 20-year period. The small photomultiplier tube (small PMT or SPMT) system is a subsystem within the experiment composed of 25,600 3-inch PMTs and their associated readout electronics. The High Voltage Splitter (HVS) is the first board on the readout chain of the SPMT system and services the PMTs by providing high voltage for biasing and by decoupling the generated physics signal from the high-voltage bias for readout, which is then fed to the front-end board. The necessity to handle high voltage, manage a large channel count, and operate stably for 20 years imposes significant constraints on the physical design of the HVS. This paper serves as a comprehensive documentation of the HVS board: its role in the SPMT readout system, the challenges in its design, performance and reliability metrics, and the methods employed for production and quality control.",

keywords = "Front-end, High voltage, JUNO, PCB, PMT",

author = "Pablo Walker and Ochoa-Ricoux, \{Juan Pedro\} and Angel Abusleme and Agustin Campeny and Mathieu Bongrand and Cl{\'e}ment Bordereau and Jos{\'e} Busto and Anatael Cabrera and St{\'e}phane Callier and Steven Calvez and C{\'e}dric Cerna and Thomas Chabaud and Chen, \{Po An\} and Guoming Chen and Ziliang Chu and G{\'e}rard Claverie and \{De La Taille\}, Christophe and Demonchy, \{Charles Edouard\} and \{Conforti Di Lorenzo\}, Selma and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Druillole and Lei Fan and Am{\'e}lie Fournier and Yang Han and Miao He and Patrick Hellmuth and Rafael Herrera and Yee Hsiung and Hu, \{Bei Zhen\} and Jun Hu and Guihong Huang and Yongbo Huang and C{\'e}dric Huss and L{\'e}onard Imbert and Adrienne Jacobi and Ignacio Jeria and Xiaoshan Jiang and Xiaoping Jing and C{\'e}cile Jollet and Jean Jouve and Sindhujha Kumaran and Lo{\"i}c Labit and S{\'e}bastien Leblanc and Victor Lebrin and Matthieu Lecocq and Hongbang Liu and Kainan Liu and Xiwen Liu and Mandujano, \{Roberto Carlos\} and Anselmo Meregaglia and Diana Navas-Nicolas and Zhe Ning and Yujie Niu and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Perrot and \{Karaparambil Rajan\}, Rebin and Reem Rasheed and Abdel Rebii and Mathieu Roche and Cayetano Santos and Mariangela Settimo and Yunhua Sun and Jingzhe Tang and Giancarlo Troni and Benoit Viaud and Wang, \{Chung Hsiang\} and Jian Wang and Yangfu Wang and Zhimin Wang and Diru Wu and Jacques Wurtz and Wan Xie and Jilei Xu and Jinghuan Xu and Meihang Xu and Chengfeng Yang and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Yermia and Junwei Zhang and Siyuan Zhang",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025",

year = "2026",

month = feb,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2025.171022",

language = "English",

volume = "1082",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",

issn = "0168-9002",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

}

Walker, P, Ochoa-Ricoux, JP, Abusleme, A, Campeny, A, Bongrand, M, Bordereau, C, Busto, J, Cabrera, A, Callier, S, Calvez, S, Cerna, C, Chabaud, T, Chen, PA, Chen, G, Chu, Z, Claverie, G, De La Taille, C, Demonchy, CE, Conforti Di Lorenzo, S, Druillole, F, Fan, L, Fournier, A, Han, Y, He, M, Hellmuth, P, Herrera, R, Hsiung, Y, Hu, BZ, Hu, J, Huang, G, Huang, Y, Huss, C, Imbert, L, Jacobi, A, Jeria, I, Jiang, X, Jing, X, Jollet, C, Jouve, J, Kumaran, S, Labit, L, Leblanc, S, Lebrin, V, Lecocq, M, Liu, H, Liu, K, Liu, X, Mandujano, RC, Meregaglia, A, Navas-Nicolas, D, Ning, Z, Niu, Y, Perrot, F, Karaparambil Rajan, R, Rasheed, R, Rebii, A, Roche, M, Santos, C, Settimo, M, Sun, Y, Tang, J, Troni, G, Viaud, B, Wang, CH, Wang, J, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wu, D, Wurtz, J, Xie, W, Xu, J, Xu, J, Xu, M, Yang, C, Yermia, F, Zhang, J & Zhang, S 2026, 'The high voltage splitter board for the JUNO SPMT system', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 1082, 171022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.171022

TY - JOUR

T1 - The high voltage splitter board for the JUNO SPMT system

AU - Walker, Pablo

AU - Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro

AU - Abusleme, Angel

AU - Campeny, Agustin

AU - Bongrand, Mathieu

AU - Bordereau, Clément

AU - Busto, José

AU - Cabrera, Anatael

AU - Callier, Stéphane

AU - Calvez, Steven

AU - Cerna, Cédric

AU - Chabaud, Thomas

AU - Chen, Po An

AU - Chen, Guoming

AU - Chu, Ziliang

AU - Claverie, Gérard

AU - De La Taille, Christophe

AU - Demonchy, Charles Edouard

AU - Conforti Di Lorenzo, Selma

AU - Druillole, Frédéric

AU - Fan, Lei

AU - Fournier, Amélie

AU - Han, Yang

AU - He, Miao

AU - Hellmuth, Patrick

AU - Herrera, Rafael

AU - Hsiung, Yee

AU - Hu, Bei Zhen

AU - Hu, Jun

AU - Huang, Guihong

AU - Huang, Yongbo

AU - Huss, Cédric

AU - Imbert, Léonard

AU - Jacobi, Adrienne

AU - Jeria, Ignacio

AU - Jiang, Xiaoshan

AU - Jing, Xiaoping

AU - Jollet, Cécile

AU - Jouve, Jean

AU - Kumaran, Sindhujha

AU - Labit, Loïc

AU - Leblanc, Sébastien

AU - Lebrin, Victor

AU - Lecocq, Matthieu

AU - Liu, Hongbang

AU - Liu, Kainan

AU - Liu, Xiwen

AU - Mandujano, Roberto Carlos

AU - Meregaglia, Anselmo

AU - Navas-Nicolas, Diana

AU - Ning, Zhe

AU - Niu, Yujie

AU - Perrot, Frédéric

AU - Karaparambil Rajan, Rebin

AU - Rasheed, Reem

AU - Rebii, Abdel

AU - Roche, Mathieu

AU - Santos, Cayetano

AU - Settimo, Mariangela

AU - Sun, Yunhua

AU - Tang, Jingzhe

AU - Troni, Giancarlo

AU - Viaud, Benoit

AU - Wang, Chung Hsiang

AU - Wang, Jian

AU - Wang, Yangfu

AU - Wang, Zhimin

AU - Wu, Diru

AU - Wurtz, Jacques

AU - Xie, Wan

AU - Xu, Jilei

AU - Xu, Jinghuan

AU - Xu, Meihang

AU - Yang, Chengfeng

AU - Yermia, Frédéric

AU - Zhang, Junwei

AU - Zhang, Siyuan

PY - 2026/2/1

Y1 - 2026/2/1

N2 - The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) in southern China is designed to study neutrinos from nuclear reactors and natural sources to address fundamental questions in neutrino physics. Achieving its goals requires continuous operation over a 20-year period. The small photomultiplier tube (small PMT or SPMT) system is a subsystem within the experiment composed of 25,600 3-inch PMTs and their associated readout electronics. The High Voltage Splitter (HVS) is the first board on the readout chain of the SPMT system and services the PMTs by providing high voltage for biasing and by decoupling the generated physics signal from the high-voltage bias for readout, which is then fed to the front-end board. The necessity to handle high voltage, manage a large channel count, and operate stably for 20 years imposes significant constraints on the physical design of the HVS. This paper serves as a comprehensive documentation of the HVS board: its role in the SPMT readout system, the challenges in its design, performance and reliability metrics, and the methods employed for production and quality control.

AB - The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) in southern China is designed to study neutrinos from nuclear reactors and natural sources to address fundamental questions in neutrino physics. Achieving its goals requires continuous operation over a 20-year period. The small photomultiplier tube (small PMT or SPMT) system is a subsystem within the experiment composed of 25,600 3-inch PMTs and their associated readout electronics. The High Voltage Splitter (HVS) is the first board on the readout chain of the SPMT system and services the PMTs by providing high voltage for biasing and by decoupling the generated physics signal from the high-voltage bias for readout, which is then fed to the front-end board. The necessity to handle high voltage, manage a large channel count, and operate stably for 20 years imposes significant constraints on the physical design of the HVS. This paper serves as a comprehensive documentation of the HVS board: its role in the SPMT readout system, the challenges in its design, performance and reliability metrics, and the methods employed for production and quality control.

KW - Front-end

KW - High voltage

KW - JUNO

KW - PCB

KW - PMT

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105017973842

U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171022

DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171022

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105017973842

SN - 0168-9002

VL - 1082

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

M1 - 171022

ER -

The high voltage splitter board for the JUNO SPMT system

Abstract

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this