The Kärger vs bi-exponential model: Theoretical insights and experimental validations

We revise three common models accounting for water exchange in pulsed-gradient spin-echo measurements: a bi-exponential model with time-dependent water fractions, the Kärger model, and a modified Kärger model designed for restricted diffusion, e.g. inside cells. The three models are compared and applied to experimental data from yeast cell suspensions. The Kärger model and the modified Kärger model yield very close results and accurately fit the data. The bi-exponential model, although less rigorous, has a natural physical interpretation and suggests a new experimental modality to estimate the water exchange time.