Ultra-violet imaging of the night-time earth by EUSO-Balloon towards space-based ultra-high energy cosmic ray observations

G. Abdellaoui; S. Abe; J. H. Adams; A. Ahriche; D. Allard; L. Allen; G. Alonso; L. Anchordoqui; A. Anzalone; Y. Arai; K. Asano; R. Attallah; H. Attoui; M. Ave Pernas; S. Bacholle; M. Bakiri; P. Baragatti; P. Barrillon; S. Bartocci; J. Bayer; B. Beldjilali; T. Belenguer; N. Belkhalfa; R. Bellotti; A. Belov; K. Belov; K. Benmessai; M. Bertaina; P. L. Biermann; S. Biktemerova; F. Bisconti; N. Blanc; J. Błȩcki; S. Blin-Bondil; P. Bobik; M. Bogomilov; E. Bozzo; S. Briz; A. Bruno; K. S. Caballero; F. Cafagna; D. Campana; J. N. Capdevielle; F. Capel; A. Caramete; L. Caramete; P. Carlson; R. Caruso; M. Casolino; C. Cassardo; A. Castellina; C. Catalano; O. Catalano; A. Cellino; M. Chikawa; G. Chiritoi; M. J. Christl; V. Connaughton; L. Conti; G. Cordero; G. Cotto; H. J. Crawford; R. Cremonini; S. Csorna; A. Cummings; S. Dagoret-Campagne; A. J. de Castro; C. De Donato; C. de la Taille; C. De Santis; L. del Peral; M. Di Martino; A. Diaz Damian; T. Djemil; I. Dutan; A. Ebersoldt; T. Ebisuzaki; R. Engel; J. Eser; F. Fenu; S. Fernández-González; S. Ferrarese; M. Flamini; C. Fornaro; M. Fouka; A. Franceschi; S. Franchini; C. Fuglesang; T. Fujii; J. Fujimoto; M. Fukushima; P. Galeotti; E. García-Ortega; G. Garipov; E. Gascón; J. Genci; G. Giraudo; C. González Alvarado; P. Gorodetzky; R. Greg; F. Guarino; A. Guzmán; Y. Hachisu; M. Haiduc; B. Harlov; A. Haungs; J. Hernández Carretero; W. Hidber Cruz; D. Ikeda; N. Inoue; S. Inoue; F. Isgrò; Y. Itow; T. Jammer; S. Jeong; E. Joven; E. G. Judd; A. Jung; J. Jochum; F. Kajino; T. Kajino; S. Kalli; I. Kaneko; Y. Karadzhov; J. Karczmarczyk; K. Katahira; K. Kawai; Y. Kawasaki; A. Kedadra; H. Khales; B. A. Khrenov; Jeong Sook Kim; Soon Wook Kim; M. Kleifges; P. A. Klimov; D. Kolev; H. Krantz; I. Kreykenbohm; J. F. Krizmanic; K. Kudela; Y. Kurihara; A. Kusenko; E. Kuznetsov; A. La Barbera; C. Lachaud; H. Lahmar; F. Lakhdari; O. Larsson; J. Lee; J. Licandro; L. López Campano; F. López; M. C. Maccarone; S. Mackovjak; M. Mahdi; D. Maravilla; L. Marcelli; J. L. Marcos; A. Marini; W. Marszał; K. Martens; Y. Martín; O. Martinez; M. Martucci; G. Masciantonio; K. Mase; M. Mastafa; R. Matev; J. N. Matthews; N. Mebarki; G. Medina-Tanco; M. A. Mendoza; A. Menshikov; A. Merino; J. Meseguer; S. S. Meyer; J. Mimouni; H. Miyamoto; Y. Mizumoto; A. Monaco; J. A. Morales de los Ríos; C. Moretto; S. Nagataki; S. Naitamor; T. Napolitano; R. Nava; A. Neronov; K. Nomoto; T. Nonaka; T. Ogawa; S. Ogio; H. Ohmori; A. V. Olinto; P. Orleański; G. Osteria; A. Pagliaro; W. Painter; M. I. Panasyuk; B. Panico; E. Parizot; I. H. Park; B. Pastircak; T. Patzak; T. Paul; I. Pérez-Grande; F. Perfetto; T. Peter; P. Picozza; S. Pindado; L. W. Piotrowski; S. Piraino; L. Placidi; Z. Plebaniak; S. Pliego; A. Pollini; Z. Polonsky; E. M. Popescu; P. Prat; G. Prévôt; H. Prieto; G. Puehlhofer; M. Putis; J. Rabanal; A. A. Radu; M. Reyes; M. Rezazadeh; M. Ricci; M. D. Rodríguez Frías; F. Ronga; G. Roudil; I. Rusinov; M. Rybczyński; M. D. Sabau; G. Sáez Cano; H. Sagawa; Z. Sahnoune; A. Saito; N. Sakaki; H. Salazar; J. C. Sanchez Balanzar; J. L. Sánchez; A. Santangelo; A. Sanz-Andrés; M. Sanz Palomino; O. Saprykin; F. Sarazin; M. Sato; T. Schanz; H. Schieler; V. Scotti; S. Selmane; D. Semikoz; M. Serra; S. Sharakin; H. M. Shimizu; K. Shinozaki; T. Shirahama; B. Spataro; I. Stan; T. Sugiyama; D. Supanitsky; M. Suzuki; B. Szabelska; J. Szabelski; N. Tajima; T. Tajima; Y. Takahashi; H. Takami; M. Takeda; Y. Takizawa; M. C. Talai; C. Tenzer; S. B. Thomas; O. Tibolla; L. Tkachev; H. Tokuno; T. Tomida; N. Tone; S. Toscano; M. Traïche; R. Tsenov; Y. Tsunesada; K. Tsuno; J. Tubbs; S. Turriziani; Y. Uchihori; O. Vaduvescu; J. F. Valdés-Galicia; P. Vallania; G. Vankova; C. Vigorito; L. Villaseñor; B. Vlcek; P. von Ballmoos; M. Vrabel; S. Wada; J. Watanabe; J. Watts; M. Weber; R. Weigand Muñoz; A. Weindl; L. Wiencke; M. Wille; J. Wilms; Z. Włodarczyk; T. Yamamoto; J. Yang; H. Yano; I. V. Yashin; D. Yonetoku; S. Yoshida; R. Young; I. S. Zgura; M. Yu Zotov; A. Zuccaro Marchi

doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.10.008

Ultra-violet imaging of the night-time earth by EUSO-Balloon towards space-based ultra-high energy cosmic ray observations

G. Abdellaoui
, S. Abe
, J. H. Adams
, A. Ahriche
, D. Allard
, L. Allen
, G. Alonso
, L. Anchordoqui
, A. Anzalone
, Y. Arai
, K. Asano
, R. Attallah
, H. Attoui
, M. Ave Pernas
, S. Bacholle
, M. Bakiri
, P. Baragatti
, P. Barrillon
, S. Bartocci
, J. Bayer

B. Beldjilali, T. Belenguer, N. Belkhalfa, R. Bellotti, A. Belov, K. Belov, K. Benmessai, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, F. Bisconti, N. Blanc, J. Błȩcki, S. Blin-Bondil, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, E. Bozzo, S. Briz, A. Bruno, K. S. Caballero, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J. N. Capdevielle, F. Capel, A. Caramete, L. Caramete, P. Carlson, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, A. Castellina, C. Catalano, O. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, G. Chiritoi, M. J. Christl, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, G. Cotto, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, A. Cummings, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. J. de Castro, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, M. Di Martino, A. Diaz Damian, T. Djemil, I. Dutan, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, J. Eser, F. Fenu, S. Fernández-González, S. Ferrarese, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, M. Fouka, A. Franceschi, S. Franchini, C. Fuglesang, T. Fujii, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, E. García-Ortega, G. Garipov, E. Gascón, J. Genci, G. Giraudo, C. González Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, R. Greg, F. Guarino, A. Guzmán, Y. Hachisu, M. Haiduc, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernández Carretero, W. Hidber Cruz, D. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, F. Isgrò, Y. Itow, T. Jammer, S. Jeong, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, J. Jochum, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, S. Kalli, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, A. Kedadra, H. Khales, B. A. Khrenov, Jeong Sook Kim, Soon Wook Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, D. Kolev, H. Krantz, I. Kreykenbohm, J. F. Krizmanic, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, A. La Barbera, C. Lachaud, H. Lahmar, F. Lakhdari, O. Larsson, J. Lee, J. Licandro, L. López Campano, F. López, M. C. Maccarone, S. Mackovjak, M. Mahdi, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, J. L. Marcos, A. Marini, W. Marszał, K. Martens, Y. Martín, O. Martinez, M. Martucci, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, M. Mastafa, R. Matev, J. N. Matthews, N. Mebarki, G. Medina-Tanco, M. A. Mendoza, A. Menshikov, A. Merino, J. Meseguer, S. S. Meyer, J. Mimouni, H. Miyamoto, Y. Mizumoto, A. Monaco, J. A. Morales de los Ríos, C. Moretto, S. Nagataki, S. Naitamor, T. Napolitano, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orleański, G. Osteria, A. Pagliaro, W. Painter, M. I. Panasyuk, B. Panico, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, I. Pérez-Grande, F. Perfetto, T. Peter, P. Picozza, S. Pindado, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, L. Placidi, Z. Plebaniak, S. Pliego, A. Pollini, Z. Polonsky, E. M. Popescu, P. Prat, G. Prévôt, H. Prieto, G. Puehlhofer, M. Putis, J. Rabanal, A. A. Radu, M. Reyes, M. Rezazadeh, M. Ricci, M. D. Rodríguez Frías, F. Ronga, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczyński, M. D. Sabau, G. Sáez Cano, H. Sagawa, Z. Sahnoune, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, H. Salazar, J. C. Sanchez Balanzar, J. L. Sánchez, A. Santangelo, A. Sanz-Andrés, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, B. Spataro, I. Stan, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, M. C. Talai, C. Tenzer, S. B. Thomas, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, M. Traïche, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, J. Tubbs, S. Turriziani, Y. Uchihori, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Valdés-Galicia, P. Vallania, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villaseñor, B. Vlcek, P. von Ballmoos, M. Vrabel, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, R. Weigand Muñoz, A. Weindl, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Włodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, S. Yoshida, R. Young, I. S. Zgura, M. Yu Zotov, A. Zuccaro Marchi

Tlemcen University
Nihon University
University of Alabama in Huntsville
Université de Jijel
Sorbonne Univ.
University of Chicago
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Lehman College
INFN Sezione di Catania
INAF Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
University of Tokyo
Université Badji Mokhtar - Annaba
Centre de Développement des Technologies Avancées
Universidad de Alcalá
Colorado School of Mines
UTIU
Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire
University of Tübingen
Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (CSIC/INTA)
INFN Sezione di Bari
Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro
Moscow State University
Science Division
INFN Sezione di Torino
University of Turin
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA
Polish Academy of Sciences
Université Paris-Sud
Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences
University of Sofia
University of Geneva
Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas
INFN Sezione di Napoli
KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Institute of Space Sciences
Università degli Studi di Catania
INFN Roma Tor Vergata
Riken
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS)
Kindai University
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
University of California, Space Sciences Laboratory
Vanderbilt University
IRAP/CNRS
University of León
Algiers Observatory
LNF-INFN
Technical University of Kosice
University of Naples Federico II
TsNIIMash
Saitama University
Nagoya University
Sungkyunkwan University
Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
Konan University
National Astronomical Observatory
University of M’sila
Astrophysics Division
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla
Chiba University
University of Utah
Univ. Mentouri de Constantine
Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Osaka City University
ETH Zurich
University of Rome “Tor Vergata”
Institute of Physics Swietokrzyska Academy
Kyoto University
Space Regatta Consortium
Hokkaido University
ISAS/JAXA
Centro Mesoamericano de Física Teórica (MCTP)
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Shinshu University
National Institute of Radiological Sciences Chiba
Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
Ewha Womans University
Kanazawa University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

34 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The JEM-EUSO (Joint Experiment Missions for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory) program aims at developing Ultra-Violet (UV) fluorescence telescopes for efficient detections of Extensive Air Showers (EASs) induced by Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) from satellite orbit. In order to demonstrate key technologies for JEM-EUSO, we constructed the EUSO-Balloon instrument that consists of a ∼1 m ² refractive telescope with two Fresnel lenses and an array of multi-anode photo-multiplier tubes at the focus. Distinguishing it from the former balloon-borne experiments, EUSO-Balloon has the capabilities of single photon counting with a gate time of 2.3 µs and of imaging with a total of 2304 pixels. As a pathfinder mission, the instrument was launched for an 8 h stratospheric flight on a moonless night in August 2014 over Timmins, Canada. In this work, we analyze the count rates over ∼2.5 h intervals. The measurements are of diffuse light, e.g. of airglow emission, back-scattered from the Earth's atmosphere as well as artificial light sources. Count rates from such diffuse light are a background for EAS detections in future missions and relevant factor for the analysis of EAS events. We also obtain the geographical distribution of the count rates over a ∼780 km ² area along the balloon trajectory. In developed areas, light sources such as the airport, mines, and factories are clearly identified. This demonstrates the correct location of signals that will be required for the EAS analysis in future missions. Although a precise determination of count rates is relevant for the existing instruments, the absolute intensity of diffuse light is deduced for the limited conditions by assuming spectra models and considering simulations of the instrument response. Based on the study of diffuse light by EUSO-Balloon, we also discuss the implications for coming pathfinders and future space-based UHECR observation missions.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	54-71
Number of pages	18
Journal	Astroparticle Physics
Volume	111
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.10.008
Publication status	Published - 1 Sept 2019
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Airglow
EUSO-Balloon
Extensive air shower
JEM-EUSO
Ultra-high energy cosmic ray

Access to Document

10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.10.008

Cite this

Abdellaoui, G., Abe, S., Adams, J. H., Ahriche, A., Allard, D., Allen, L., Alonso, G., Anchordoqui, L., Anzalone, A., Arai, Y., Asano, K., Attallah, R., Attoui, H., Ave Pernas, M., Bacholle, S., Bakiri, M., Baragatti, P., Barrillon, P., Bartocci, S., ... Zuccaro Marchi, A. (2019). Ultra-violet imaging of the night-time earth by EUSO-Balloon towards space-based ultra-high energy cosmic ray observations. Astroparticle Physics, 111, 54-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.10.008

@article{d9142da6914b47529e91afe07a2fbff4,

title = "Ultra-violet imaging of the night-time earth by EUSO-Balloon towards space-based ultra-high energy cosmic ray observations",

abstract = " The JEM-EUSO (Joint Experiment Missions for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory) program aims at developing Ultra-Violet (UV) fluorescence telescopes for efficient detections of Extensive Air Showers (EASs) induced by Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) from satellite orbit. In order to demonstrate key technologies for JEM-EUSO, we constructed the EUSO-Balloon instrument that consists of a ∼1 m 2 refractive telescope with two Fresnel lenses and an array of multi-anode photo-multiplier tubes at the focus. Distinguishing it from the former balloon-borne experiments, EUSO-Balloon has the capabilities of single photon counting with a gate time of 2.3 µs and of imaging with a total of 2304 pixels. As a pathfinder mission, the instrument was launched for an 8 h stratospheric flight on a moonless night in August 2014 over Timmins, Canada. In this work, we analyze the count rates over ∼2.5 h intervals. The measurements are of diffuse light, e.g. of airglow emission, back-scattered from the Earth's atmosphere as well as artificial light sources. Count rates from such diffuse light are a background for EAS detections in future missions and relevant factor for the analysis of EAS events. We also obtain the geographical distribution of the count rates over a ∼780 km 2 area along the balloon trajectory. In developed areas, light sources such as the airport, mines, and factories are clearly identified. This demonstrates the correct location of signals that will be required for the EAS analysis in future missions. Although a precise determination of count rates is relevant for the existing instruments, the absolute intensity of diffuse light is deduced for the limited conditions by assuming spectra models and considering simulations of the instrument response. Based on the study of diffuse light by EUSO-Balloon, we also discuss the implications for coming pathfinders and future space-based UHECR observation missions.",

keywords = "Airglow, EUSO-Balloon, Extensive air shower, JEM-EUSO, Ultra-high energy cosmic ray",

author = "G. Abdellaoui and S. Abe and Adams, \{J. H.\} and A. Ahriche and D. Allard and L. Allen and G. Alonso and L. Anchordoqui and A. Anzalone and Y. Arai and K. Asano and R. Attallah and H. Attoui and \{Ave Pernas\}, M. and S. Bacholle and M. Bakiri and P. Baragatti and P. Barrillon and S. Bartocci and J. Bayer and B. Beldjilali and T. Belenguer and N. Belkhalfa and R. Bellotti and A. Belov and K. Belov and K. Benmessai and M. Bertaina and Biermann, \{P. L.\} and S. Biktemerova and F. Bisconti and N. Blanc and J. B{\l}ȩcki and S. Blin-Bondil and P. Bobik and M. Bogomilov and E. Bozzo and S. Briz and A. Bruno and Caballero, \{K. S.\} and F. Cafagna and D. Campana and Capdevielle, \{J. N.\} and F. Capel and A. Caramete and L. Caramete and P. Carlson and R. Caruso and M. Casolino and C. Cassardo and A. Castellina and C. Catalano and O. Catalano and A. Cellino and M. Chikawa and G. Chiritoi and Christl, \{M. J.\} and V. Connaughton and L. Conti and G. Cordero and G. Cotto and Crawford, \{H. J.\} and R. Cremonini and S. Csorna and A. Cummings and S. Dagoret-Campagne and \{de Castro\}, \{A. J.\} and \{De Donato\}, C. and \{de la Taille\}, C. and \{De Santis\}, C. and \{del Peral\}, L. and \{Di Martino\}, M. and \{Diaz Damian\}, A. and T. Djemil and I. Dutan and A. Ebersoldt and T. Ebisuzaki and R. Engel and J. Eser and F. Fenu and S. Fern{\'a}ndez-Gonz{\'a}lez and S. Ferrarese and M. Flamini and C. Fornaro and M. Fouka and A. Franceschi and S. Franchini and C. Fuglesang and T. Fujii and J. Fujimoto and M. Fukushima and P. Galeotti and E. Garc{\'i}a-Ortega and G. Garipov and E. Gasc{\'o}n and J. Genci and G. Giraudo and \{Gonz{\'a}lez Alvarado\}, C. and P. Gorodetzky and R. Greg and F. Guarino and A. Guzm{\'a}n and Y. Hachisu and M. Haiduc and B. Harlov and A. Haungs and \{Hern{\'a}ndez Carretero\}, J. and \{Hidber Cruz\}, W. and D. Ikeda and N. Inoue and S. Inoue and F. Isgr{\`o} and Y. Itow and T. Jammer and S. Jeong and E. Joven and Judd, \{E. G.\} and A. Jung and J. Jochum and F. Kajino and T. Kajino and S. Kalli and I. Kaneko and Y. Karadzhov and J. Karczmarczyk and K. Katahira and K. Kawai and Y. Kawasaki and A. Kedadra and H. Khales and Khrenov, \{B. A.\} and Kim, \{Jeong Sook\} and Kim, \{Soon Wook\} and M. Kleifges and Klimov, \{P. A.\} and D. Kolev and H. Krantz and I. Kreykenbohm and Krizmanic, \{J. F.\} and K. Kudela and Y. Kurihara and A. Kusenko and E. Kuznetsov and \{La Barbera\}, A. and C. Lachaud and H. Lahmar and F. Lakhdari and O. Larsson and J. Lee and J. Licandro and \{L{\'o}pez Campano\}, L. and F. L{\'o}pez and Maccarone, \{M. C.\} and S. Mackovjak and M. Mahdi and D. Maravilla and L. Marcelli and Marcos, \{J. L.\} and A. Marini and W. Marsza{\l} and K. Martens and Y. Mart{\'i}n and O. Martinez and M. Martucci and G. Masciantonio and K. Mase and M. Mastafa and R. Matev and Matthews, \{J. N.\} and N. Mebarki and G. Medina-Tanco and Mendoza, \{M. A.\} and A. Menshikov and A. Merino and J. Meseguer and Meyer, \{S. S.\} and J. Mimouni and H. Miyamoto and Y. Mizumoto and A. Monaco and \{Morales de los R{\'i}os\}, \{J. A.\} and C. Moretto and S. Nagataki and S. Naitamor and T. Napolitano and R. Nava and A. Neronov and K. Nomoto and T. Nonaka and T. Ogawa and S. Ogio and H. Ohmori and Olinto, \{A. V.\} and P. Orlea{\'n}ski and G. Osteria and A. Pagliaro and W. Painter and Panasyuk, \{M. I.\} and B. Panico and E. Parizot and Park, \{I. H.\} and B. Pastircak and T. Patzak and T. Paul and I. P{\'e}rez-Grande and F. Perfetto and T. Peter and P. Picozza and S. Pindado and Piotrowski, \{L. W.\} and S. Piraino and L. Placidi and Z. Plebaniak and S. Pliego and A. Pollini and Z. Polonsky and Popescu, \{E. M.\} and P. Prat and G. Pr{\'e}v{\^o}t and H. Prieto and G. Puehlhofer and M. Putis and J. Rabanal and Radu, \{A. A.\} and M. Reyes and M. Rezazadeh and M. Ricci and \{Rodr{\'i}guez Fr{\'i}as\}, \{M. D.\} and F. Ronga and G. Roudil and I. Rusinov and M. Rybczy{\'n}ski and Sabau, \{M. D.\} and \{S{\'a}ez Cano\}, G. and H. Sagawa and Z. Sahnoune and A. Saito and N. Sakaki and H. Salazar and \{Sanchez Balanzar\}, \{J. C.\} and S{\'a}nchez, \{J. L.\} and A. Santangelo and A. Sanz-Andr{\'e}s and \{Sanz Palomino\}, M. and O. Saprykin and F. Sarazin and M. Sato and T. Schanz and H. Schieler and V. Scotti and S. Selmane and D. Semikoz and M. Serra and S. Sharakin and Shimizu, \{H. M.\} and K. Shinozaki and T. Shirahama and B. Spataro and I. Stan and T. Sugiyama and D. Supanitsky and M. Suzuki and B. Szabelska and J. Szabelski and N. Tajima and T. Tajima and Y. Takahashi and H. Takami and M. Takeda and Y. Takizawa and Talai, \{M. C.\} and C. Tenzer and Thomas, \{S. B.\} and O. Tibolla and L. Tkachev and H. Tokuno and T. Tomida and N. Tone and S. Toscano and M. Tra{\"i}che and R. Tsenov and Y. Tsunesada and K. Tsuno and J. Tubbs and S. Turriziani and Y. Uchihori and O. Vaduvescu and Vald{\'e}s-Galicia, \{J. F.\} and P. Vallania and G. Vankova and C. Vigorito and L. Villase{\~n}or and B. Vlcek and \{von Ballmoos\}, P. and M. Vrabel and S. Wada and J. Watanabe and J. Watts and M. Weber and \{Weigand Mu{\~n}oz\}, R. and A. Weindl and L. Wiencke and M. Wille and J. Wilms and Z. W{\l}odarczyk and T. Yamamoto and J. Yang and H. Yano and Yashin, \{I. V.\} and D. Yonetoku and S. Yoshida and R. Young and Zgura, \{I. S.\} and Zotov, \{M. Yu\} and \{Zuccaro Marchi\}, A.",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018",

year = "2019",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.10.008",

language = "English",

volume = "111",

pages = "54--71",

journal = "Astroparticle Physics",

issn = "0927-6505",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

}

Abdellaoui, G, Abe, S, Adams, JH, Ahriche, A, Allard, D, Allen, L, Alonso, G, Anchordoqui, L, Anzalone, A, Arai, Y, Asano, K, Attallah, R, Attoui, H, Ave Pernas, M, Bacholle, S, Bakiri, M, Baragatti, P, Barrillon, P, Bartocci, S, Bayer, J, Beldjilali, B, Belenguer, T, Belkhalfa, N, Bellotti, R, Belov, A, Belov, K, Benmessai, K, Bertaina, M, Biermann, PL, Biktemerova, S, Bisconti, F, Blanc, N, Błȩcki, J, Blin-Bondil, S, Bobik, P, Bogomilov, M, Bozzo, E, Briz, S, Bruno, A, Caballero, KS, Cafagna, F, Campana, D, Capdevielle, JN, Capel, F, Caramete, A, Caramete, L, Carlson, P, Caruso, R, Casolino, M, Cassardo, C, Castellina, A, Catalano, C, Catalano, O, Cellino, A, Chikawa, M, Chiritoi, G, Christl, MJ, Connaughton, V, Conti, L, Cordero, G, Cotto, G, Crawford, HJ, Cremonini, R, Csorna, S, Cummings, A, Dagoret-Campagne, S, de Castro, AJ, De Donato, C, de la Taille, C, De Santis, C, del Peral, L, Di Martino, M, Diaz Damian, A, Djemil, T, Dutan, I, Ebersoldt, A, Ebisuzaki, T, Engel, R, Eser, J, Fenu, F, Fernández-González, S, Ferrarese, S, Flamini, M, Fornaro, C, Fouka, M, Franceschi, A, Franchini, S, Fuglesang, C, Fujii, T, Fujimoto, J, Fukushima, M, Galeotti, P, García-Ortega, E, Garipov, G, Gascón, E, Genci, J, Giraudo, G, González Alvarado, C, Gorodetzky, P, Greg, R, Guarino, F, Guzmán, A, Hachisu, Y, Haiduc, M, Harlov, B, Haungs, A, Hernández Carretero, J, Hidber Cruz, W, Ikeda, D, Inoue, N, Inoue, S, Isgrò, F, Itow, Y, Jammer, T, Jeong, S, Joven, E, Judd, EG, Jung, A, Jochum, J, Kajino, F, Kajino, T, Kalli, S, Kaneko, I, Karadzhov, Y, Karczmarczyk, J, Katahira, K, Kawai, K, Kawasaki, Y, Kedadra, A, Khales, H, Khrenov, BA, Kim, JS, Kim, SW, Kleifges, M, Klimov, PA, Kolev, D, Krantz, H, Kreykenbohm, I, Krizmanic, JF, Kudela, K, Kurihara, Y, Kusenko, A, Kuznetsov, E, La Barbera, A, Lachaud, C, Lahmar, H, Lakhdari, F, Larsson, O, Lee, J, Licandro, J, López Campano, L, López, F, Maccarone, MC, Mackovjak, S, Mahdi, M, Maravilla, D, Marcelli, L, Marcos, JL, Marini, A, Marszał, W, Martens, K, Martín, Y, Martinez, O, Martucci, M, Masciantonio, G, Mase, K, Mastafa, M, Matev, R, Matthews, JN, Mebarki, N, Medina-Tanco, G, Mendoza, MA, Menshikov, A, Merino, A, Meseguer, J, Meyer, SS, Mimouni, J, Miyamoto, H, Mizumoto, Y, Monaco, A, Morales de los Ríos, JA, Moretto, C, Nagataki, S, Naitamor, S, Napolitano, T, Nava, R, Neronov, A, Nomoto, K, Nonaka, T, Ogawa, T, Ogio, S, Ohmori, H, Olinto, AV, Orleański, P, Osteria, G, Pagliaro, A, Painter, W, Panasyuk, MI, Panico, B, Parizot, E, Park, IH, Pastircak, B, Patzak, T, Paul, T, Pérez-Grande, I, Perfetto, F, Peter, T, Picozza, P, Pindado, S, Piotrowski, LW, Piraino, S, Placidi, L, Plebaniak, Z, Pliego, S, Pollini, A, Polonsky, Z, Popescu, EM, Prat, P, Prévôt, G, Prieto, H, Puehlhofer, G, Putis, M, Rabanal, J, Radu, AA, Reyes, M, Rezazadeh, M, Ricci, M, Rodríguez Frías, MD, Ronga, F, Roudil, G, Rusinov, I, Rybczyński, M, Sabau, MD, Sáez Cano, G, Sagawa, H, Sahnoune, Z, Saito, A, Sakaki, N, Salazar, H, Sanchez Balanzar, JC, Sánchez, JL, Santangelo, A, Sanz-Andrés, A, Sanz Palomino, M, Saprykin, O, Sarazin, F, Sato, M, Schanz, T, Schieler, H, Scotti, V, Selmane, S, Semikoz, D, Serra, M, Sharakin, S, Shimizu, HM, Shinozaki, K, Shirahama, T, Spataro, B, Stan, I, Sugiyama, T, Supanitsky, D, Suzuki, M, Szabelska, B, Szabelski, J, Tajima, N, Tajima, T, Takahashi, Y, Takami, H, Takeda, M, Takizawa, Y, Talai, MC, Tenzer, C, Thomas, SB, Tibolla, O, Tkachev, L, Tokuno, H, Tomida, T, Tone, N, Toscano, S, Traïche, M, Tsenov, R, Tsunesada, Y, Tsuno, K, Tubbs, J, Turriziani, S, Uchihori, Y, Vaduvescu, O, Valdés-Galicia, JF, Vallania, P, Vankova, G, Vigorito, C, Villaseñor, L, Vlcek, B, von Ballmoos, P, Vrabel, M, Wada, S, Watanabe, J, Watts, J, Weber, M, Weigand Muñoz, R, Weindl, A, Wiencke, L, Wille, M, Wilms, J, Włodarczyk, Z, Yamamoto, T, Yang, J, Yano, H, Yashin, IV, Yonetoku, D, Yoshida, S, Young, R, Zgura, IS, Zotov, MY & Zuccaro Marchi, A 2019, 'Ultra-violet imaging of the night-time earth by EUSO-Balloon towards space-based ultra-high energy cosmic ray observations', Astroparticle Physics, vol. 111, pp. 54-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.10.008

TY - JOUR

T1 - Ultra-violet imaging of the night-time earth by EUSO-Balloon towards space-based ultra-high energy cosmic ray observations

AU - Abdellaoui, G.

AU - Abe, S.

AU - Adams, J. H.

AU - Ahriche, A.

AU - Allard, D.

AU - Allen, L.

AU - Alonso, G.

AU - Anchordoqui, L.

AU - Anzalone, A.

AU - Arai, Y.

AU - Asano, K.

AU - Attallah, R.

AU - Attoui, H.

AU - Ave Pernas, M.

AU - Bacholle, S.

AU - Bakiri, M.

AU - Baragatti, P.

AU - Barrillon, P.

AU - Bartocci, S.

AU - Bayer, J.

AU - Beldjilali, B.

AU - Belenguer, T.

AU - Belkhalfa, N.

AU - Bellotti, R.

AU - Belov, A.

AU - Belov, K.

AU - Benmessai, K.

AU - Bertaina, M.

AU - Biermann, P. L.

AU - Biktemerova, S.

AU - Bisconti, F.

AU - Blanc, N.

AU - Błȩcki, J.

AU - Blin-Bondil, S.

AU - Bobik, P.

AU - Bogomilov, M.

AU - Bozzo, E.

AU - Briz, S.

AU - Bruno, A.

AU - Caballero, K. S.

AU - Cafagna, F.

AU - Campana, D.

AU - Capdevielle, J. N.

AU - Capel, F.

AU - Caramete, A.

AU - Caramete, L.

AU - Carlson, P.

AU - Caruso, R.

AU - Casolino, M.

AU - Cassardo, C.

AU - Castellina, A.

AU - Catalano, C.

AU - Catalano, O.

AU - Cellino, A.

AU - Chikawa, M.

AU - Chiritoi, G.

AU - Christl, M. J.

AU - Connaughton, V.

AU - Conti, L.

AU - Cordero, G.

AU - Cotto, G.

AU - Crawford, H. J.

AU - Cremonini, R.

AU - Csorna, S.

AU - Cummings, A.

AU - Dagoret-Campagne, S.

AU - de Castro, A. J.

AU - De Donato, C.

AU - de la Taille, C.

AU - De Santis, C.

AU - del Peral, L.

AU - Di Martino, M.

AU - Diaz Damian, A.

AU - Djemil, T.

AU - Dutan, I.

AU - Ebersoldt, A.

AU - Ebisuzaki, T.

AU - Engel, R.

AU - Eser, J.

AU - Fenu, F.

AU - Fernández-González, S.

AU - Ferrarese, S.

AU - Flamini, M.

AU - Fornaro, C.

AU - Fouka, M.

AU - Franceschi, A.

AU - Franchini, S.

AU - Fuglesang, C.

AU - Fujii, T.

AU - Fujimoto, J.

AU - Fukushima, M.

AU - Galeotti, P.

AU - García-Ortega, E.

AU - Garipov, G.

AU - Gascón, E.

AU - Genci, J.

AU - Giraudo, G.

AU - González Alvarado, C.

AU - Gorodetzky, P.

AU - Greg, R.

AU - Guarino, F.

AU - Guzmán, A.

AU - Hachisu, Y.

AU - Haiduc, M.

AU - Harlov, B.

AU - Haungs, A.

AU - Hernández Carretero, J.

AU - Hidber Cruz, W.

AU - Ikeda, D.

AU - Inoue, N.

AU - Inoue, S.

AU - Isgrò, F.

AU - Itow, Y.

AU - Jammer, T.

AU - Jeong, S.

AU - Joven, E.

AU - Judd, E. G.

AU - Jung, A.

AU - Jochum, J.

AU - Kajino, F.

AU - Kajino, T.

AU - Kalli, S.

AU - Kaneko, I.

AU - Karadzhov, Y.

AU - Karczmarczyk, J.

AU - Katahira, K.

AU - Kawai, K.

AU - Kawasaki, Y.

AU - Kedadra, A.

AU - Khales, H.

AU - Khrenov, B. A.

AU - Kim, Jeong Sook

AU - Kim, Soon Wook

AU - Kleifges, M.

AU - Klimov, P. A.

AU - Kolev, D.

AU - Krantz, H.

AU - Kreykenbohm, I.

AU - Krizmanic, J. F.

AU - Kudela, K.

AU - Kurihara, Y.

AU - Kusenko, A.

AU - Kuznetsov, E.

AU - La Barbera, A.

AU - Lachaud, C.

AU - Lahmar, H.

AU - Lakhdari, F.

AU - Larsson, O.

AU - Lee, J.

AU - Licandro, J.

AU - López Campano, L.

AU - López, F.

AU - Maccarone, M. C.

AU - Mackovjak, S.

AU - Mahdi, M.

AU - Maravilla, D.

AU - Marcelli, L.

AU - Marcos, J. L.

AU - Marini, A.

AU - Marszał, W.

AU - Martens, K.

AU - Martín, Y.

AU - Martinez, O.

AU - Martucci, M.

AU - Masciantonio, G.

AU - Mase, K.

AU - Mastafa, M.

AU - Matev, R.

AU - Matthews, J. N.

AU - Mebarki, N.

AU - Medina-Tanco, G.

AU - Mendoza, M. A.

AU - Menshikov, A.

AU - Merino, A.

AU - Meseguer, J.

AU - Meyer, S. S.

AU - Mimouni, J.

AU - Miyamoto, H.

AU - Mizumoto, Y.

AU - Monaco, A.

AU - Morales de los Ríos, J. A.

AU - Moretto, C.

AU - Nagataki, S.

AU - Naitamor, S.

AU - Napolitano, T.

AU - Nava, R.

AU - Neronov, A.

AU - Nomoto, K.

AU - Nonaka, T.

AU - Ogawa, T.

AU - Ogio, S.

AU - Ohmori, H.

AU - Olinto, A. V.

AU - Orleański, P.

AU - Osteria, G.

AU - Pagliaro, A.

AU - Painter, W.

AU - Panasyuk, M. I.

AU - Panico, B.

AU - Parizot, E.

AU - Park, I. H.

AU - Pastircak, B.

AU - Patzak, T.

AU - Paul, T.

AU - Pérez-Grande, I.

AU - Perfetto, F.

AU - Peter, T.

AU - Picozza, P.

AU - Pindado, S.

AU - Piotrowski, L. W.

AU - Piraino, S.

AU - Placidi, L.

AU - Plebaniak, Z.

AU - Pliego, S.

AU - Pollini, A.

AU - Polonsky, Z.

AU - Popescu, E. M.

AU - Prat, P.

AU - Prévôt, G.

AU - Prieto, H.

AU - Puehlhofer, G.

AU - Putis, M.

AU - Rabanal, J.

AU - Radu, A. A.

AU - Reyes, M.

AU - Rezazadeh, M.

AU - Ricci, M.

AU - Rodríguez Frías, M. D.

AU - Ronga, F.

AU - Roudil, G.

AU - Rusinov, I.

AU - Rybczyński, M.

AU - Sabau, M. D.

AU - Sáez Cano, G.

AU - Sagawa, H.

AU - Sahnoune, Z.

AU - Saito, A.

AU - Sakaki, N.

AU - Salazar, H.

AU - Sanchez Balanzar, J. C.

AU - Sánchez, J. L.

AU - Santangelo, A.

AU - Sanz-Andrés, A.

AU - Sanz Palomino, M.

AU - Saprykin, O.

AU - Sarazin, F.

AU - Sato, M.

AU - Schanz, T.

AU - Schieler, H.

AU - Scotti, V.

AU - Selmane, S.

AU - Semikoz, D.

AU - Serra, M.

AU - Sharakin, S.

AU - Shimizu, H. M.

AU - Shinozaki, K.

AU - Shirahama, T.

AU - Spataro, B.

AU - Stan, I.

AU - Sugiyama, T.

AU - Supanitsky, D.

AU - Suzuki, M.

AU - Szabelska, B.

AU - Szabelski, J.

AU - Tajima, N.

AU - Tajima, T.

AU - Takahashi, Y.

AU - Takami, H.

AU - Takeda, M.

AU - Takizawa, Y.

AU - Talai, M. C.

AU - Tenzer, C.

AU - Thomas, S. B.

AU - Tibolla, O.

AU - Tkachev, L.

AU - Tokuno, H.

AU - Tomida, T.

AU - Tone, N.

AU - Toscano, S.

AU - Traïche, M.

AU - Tsenov, R.

AU - Tsunesada, Y.

AU - Tsuno, K.

AU - Tubbs, J.

AU - Turriziani, S.

AU - Uchihori, Y.

AU - Vaduvescu, O.

AU - Valdés-Galicia, J. F.

AU - Vallania, P.

AU - Vankova, G.

AU - Vigorito, C.

AU - Villaseñor, L.

AU - Vlcek, B.

AU - von Ballmoos, P.

AU - Vrabel, M.

AU - Wada, S.

AU - Watanabe, J.

AU - Watts, J.

AU - Weber, M.

AU - Weigand Muñoz, R.

AU - Weindl, A.

AU - Wiencke, L.

AU - Wille, M.

AU - Wilms, J.

AU - Włodarczyk, Z.

AU - Yamamoto, T.

AU - Yang, J.

AU - Yano, H.

AU - Yashin, I. V.

AU - Yonetoku, D.

AU - Yoshida, S.

AU - Young, R.

AU - Zgura, I. S.

AU - Zotov, M. Yu

AU - Zuccaro Marchi, A.

PY - 2019/9/1

Y1 - 2019/9/1

N2 - The JEM-EUSO (Joint Experiment Missions for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory) program aims at developing Ultra-Violet (UV) fluorescence telescopes for efficient detections of Extensive Air Showers (EASs) induced by Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) from satellite orbit. In order to demonstrate key technologies for JEM-EUSO, we constructed the EUSO-Balloon instrument that consists of a ∼1 m 2 refractive telescope with two Fresnel lenses and an array of multi-anode photo-multiplier tubes at the focus. Distinguishing it from the former balloon-borne experiments, EUSO-Balloon has the capabilities of single photon counting with a gate time of 2.3 µs and of imaging with a total of 2304 pixels. As a pathfinder mission, the instrument was launched for an 8 h stratospheric flight on a moonless night in August 2014 over Timmins, Canada. In this work, we analyze the count rates over ∼2.5 h intervals. The measurements are of diffuse light, e.g. of airglow emission, back-scattered from the Earth's atmosphere as well as artificial light sources. Count rates from such diffuse light are a background for EAS detections in future missions and relevant factor for the analysis of EAS events. We also obtain the geographical distribution of the count rates over a ∼780 km 2 area along the balloon trajectory. In developed areas, light sources such as the airport, mines, and factories are clearly identified. This demonstrates the correct location of signals that will be required for the EAS analysis in future missions. Although a precise determination of count rates is relevant for the existing instruments, the absolute intensity of diffuse light is deduced for the limited conditions by assuming spectra models and considering simulations of the instrument response. Based on the study of diffuse light by EUSO-Balloon, we also discuss the implications for coming pathfinders and future space-based UHECR observation missions.

AB - The JEM-EUSO (Joint Experiment Missions for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory) program aims at developing Ultra-Violet (UV) fluorescence telescopes for efficient detections of Extensive Air Showers (EASs) induced by Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) from satellite orbit. In order to demonstrate key technologies for JEM-EUSO, we constructed the EUSO-Balloon instrument that consists of a ∼1 m 2 refractive telescope with two Fresnel lenses and an array of multi-anode photo-multiplier tubes at the focus. Distinguishing it from the former balloon-borne experiments, EUSO-Balloon has the capabilities of single photon counting with a gate time of 2.3 µs and of imaging with a total of 2304 pixels. As a pathfinder mission, the instrument was launched for an 8 h stratospheric flight on a moonless night in August 2014 over Timmins, Canada. In this work, we analyze the count rates over ∼2.5 h intervals. The measurements are of diffuse light, e.g. of airglow emission, back-scattered from the Earth's atmosphere as well as artificial light sources. Count rates from such diffuse light are a background for EAS detections in future missions and relevant factor for the analysis of EAS events. We also obtain the geographical distribution of the count rates over a ∼780 km 2 area along the balloon trajectory. In developed areas, light sources such as the airport, mines, and factories are clearly identified. This demonstrates the correct location of signals that will be required for the EAS analysis in future missions. Although a precise determination of count rates is relevant for the existing instruments, the absolute intensity of diffuse light is deduced for the limited conditions by assuming spectra models and considering simulations of the instrument response. Based on the study of diffuse light by EUSO-Balloon, we also discuss the implications for coming pathfinders and future space-based UHECR observation missions.

KW - Airglow

KW - EUSO-Balloon

KW - Extensive air shower

KW - JEM-EUSO

KW - Ultra-high energy cosmic ray

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85059800545

U2 - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.10.008

DO - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.10.008

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85059800545

SN - 0927-6505

VL - 111

SP - 54

EP - 71

JO - Astroparticle Physics

JF - Astroparticle Physics

ER -

Ultra-violet imaging of the night-time earth by EUSO-Balloon towards space-based ultra-high energy cosmic ray observations

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