Your containers should be WYSIWYG

Mathieu Bacou; Alain Tchana; Daniel Hagimont

doi:10.1109/SCC.2019.00022

Your containers should be WYSIWYG

Mathieu Bacou, Alain Tchana, Daniel Hagimont

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

Modern cloud platforms rely on containers in order to deploy applications and allocate resources to them. Users of Container-as-a-Service platforms interact with another layer of abstraction, container orchestrators, to set resource allocations. Regarding the CPU allocation, orchestrators can use one of two strategies to apply the specified allocation: (1) the allocation of cores, reserved for one application; or (2) the allocation of quotas, which can be provided by any of the available processors. However current orchestrators only use the quota strategy. We benchmark both, demonstrating that the quota strategy can show up to 68% of degradation in our experiments when compared to the first strategy. We identify that this degradation comes from violating what we call the What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) principle: a container's view of its available resources is wrong under the quota strategy. We state that a better trade-off can be found in combining these two strategies, and we design a hybrid resource allocation algorithm that can be integrated into any container orchestrator. Our evaluations show that it prevents resource management problems that come from allocating cores, while canceling the performance overhead associated with the quota allocation strategy that violates the WYSIWYG principle.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019 - Part of the 2019 IEEE World Congress on Services
Editors	Elisa Bertino, Carl K. Chang, Peter Chen, Ernesto Damiani, Ernesto Damiani, Michael Goul, Katsunori Oyama
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Pages	56-64
Number of pages	9
ISBN (Electronic)	9781728127200
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/SCC.2019.00022
Publication status	Published - 1 Jul 2019
Externally published	Yes
Event	2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019 - Milan, Italy Duration: 8 Jul 2019 → 13 Jul 2019

Publication series

Name	Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019 - Part of the 2019 IEEE World Congress on Services

Conference

Conference	2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019
Country/Territory	Italy
City	Milan
Period	8/07/19 → 13/07/19

Keywords

CPU allocation
Container
Container orchestrator
Performance
Predictability

Access to Document

10.1109/SCC.2019.00022

Cite this

Bacou, M., Tchana, A., & Hagimont, D. (2019). Your containers should be WYSIWYG. In E. Bertino, C. K. Chang, P. Chen, E. Damiani, E. Damiani, M. Goul, & K. Oyama (Eds.), Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019 - Part of the 2019 IEEE World Congress on Services (pp. 56-64). Article 8813956 (Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019 - Part of the 2019 IEEE World Congress on Services). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/SCC.2019.00022

Bacou, Mathieu ; Tchana, Alain ; Hagimont, Daniel. / Your containers should be WYSIWYG. Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019 - Part of the 2019 IEEE World Congress on Services. editor / Elisa Bertino ; Carl K. Chang ; Peter Chen ; Ernesto Damiani ; Ernesto Damiani ; Michael Goul ; Katsunori Oyama. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019. pp. 56-64 (Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019 - Part of the 2019 IEEE World Congress on Services).

@inproceedings{1c992dedf75643e8ab2c4570719a2a24,

title = "Your containers should be WYSIWYG",

abstract = "Modern cloud platforms rely on containers in order to deploy applications and allocate resources to them. Users of Container-as-a-Service platforms interact with another layer of abstraction, container orchestrators, to set resource allocations. Regarding the CPU allocation, orchestrators can use one of two strategies to apply the specified allocation: (1) the allocation of cores, reserved for one application; or (2) the allocation of quotas, which can be provided by any of the available processors. However current orchestrators only use the quota strategy. We benchmark both, demonstrating that the quota strategy can show up to 68\% of degradation in our experiments when compared to the first strategy. We identify that this degradation comes from violating what we call the What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) principle: a container's view of its available resources is wrong under the quota strategy. We state that a better trade-off can be found in combining these two strategies, and we design a hybrid resource allocation algorithm that can be integrated into any container orchestrator. Our evaluations show that it prevents resource management problems that come from allocating cores, while canceling the performance overhead associated with the quota allocation strategy that violates the WYSIWYG principle.",

keywords = "CPU allocation, Container, Container orchestrator, Performance, Predictability",

author = "Mathieu Bacou and Alain Tchana and Daniel Hagimont",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 IEEE.; 2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019 ; Conference date: 08-07-2019 Through 13-07-2019",

year = "2019",

month = jul,

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doi = "10.1109/SCC.2019.00022",

language = "English",

series = "Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019 - Part of the 2019 IEEE World Congress on Services",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

pages = "56--64",

editor = "Elisa Bertino and Chang, \{Carl K.\} and Peter Chen and Ernesto Damiani and Ernesto Damiani and Michael Goul and Katsunori Oyama",

booktitle = "Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019 - Part of the 2019 IEEE World Congress on Services",

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Bacou, M, Tchana, A & Hagimont, D 2019, Your containers should be WYSIWYG. in E Bertino, CK Chang, P Chen, E Damiani, E Damiani, M Goul & K Oyama (eds), Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019 - Part of the 2019 IEEE World Congress on Services., 8813956, Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019 - Part of the 2019 IEEE World Congress on Services, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 56-64, 2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019, Milan, Italy, 8/07/19. https://doi.org/10.1109/SCC.2019.00022

Your containers should be WYSIWYG. / Bacou, Mathieu; Tchana, Alain; Hagimont, Daniel.
Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019 - Part of the 2019 IEEE World Congress on Services. ed. / Elisa Bertino; Carl K. Chang; Peter Chen; Ernesto Damiani; Ernesto Damiani; Michael Goul; Katsunori Oyama. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019. p. 56-64 8813956 (Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019 - Part of the 2019 IEEE World Congress on Services).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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AU - Tchana, Alain

AU - Hagimont, Daniel

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N2 - Modern cloud platforms rely on containers in order to deploy applications and allocate resources to them. Users of Container-as-a-Service platforms interact with another layer of abstraction, container orchestrators, to set resource allocations. Regarding the CPU allocation, orchestrators can use one of two strategies to apply the specified allocation: (1) the allocation of cores, reserved for one application; or (2) the allocation of quotas, which can be provided by any of the available processors. However current orchestrators only use the quota strategy. We benchmark both, demonstrating that the quota strategy can show up to 68% of degradation in our experiments when compared to the first strategy. We identify that this degradation comes from violating what we call the What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) principle: a container's view of its available resources is wrong under the quota strategy. We state that a better trade-off can be found in combining these two strategies, and we design a hybrid resource allocation algorithm that can be integrated into any container orchestrator. Our evaluations show that it prevents resource management problems that come from allocating cores, while canceling the performance overhead associated with the quota allocation strategy that violates the WYSIWYG principle.

AB - Modern cloud platforms rely on containers in order to deploy applications and allocate resources to them. Users of Container-as-a-Service platforms interact with another layer of abstraction, container orchestrators, to set resource allocations. Regarding the CPU allocation, orchestrators can use one of two strategies to apply the specified allocation: (1) the allocation of cores, reserved for one application; or (2) the allocation of quotas, which can be provided by any of the available processors. However current orchestrators only use the quota strategy. We benchmark both, demonstrating that the quota strategy can show up to 68% of degradation in our experiments when compared to the first strategy. We identify that this degradation comes from violating what we call the What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) principle: a container's view of its available resources is wrong under the quota strategy. We state that a better trade-off can be found in combining these two strategies, and we design a hybrid resource allocation algorithm that can be integrated into any container orchestrator. Our evaluations show that it prevents resource management problems that come from allocating cores, while canceling the performance overhead associated with the quota allocation strategy that violates the WYSIWYG principle.

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KW - Predictability

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A2 - Chang, Carl K.

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PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

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Bacou M, Tchana A, Hagimont D. Your containers should be WYSIWYG. In Bertino E, Chang CK, Chen P, Damiani E, Damiani E, Goul M, Oyama K, editors, Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019 - Part of the 2019 IEEE World Congress on Services. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2019. p. 56-64. 8813956. (Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019 - Part of the 2019 IEEE World Congress on Services). doi: 10.1109/SCC.2019.00022

Your containers should be WYSIWYG

Abstract

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Keywords

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