TY - JOUR
T1 - Comic character recognition using graph embedding in graph representations
AU - Kajla, Nadeem Iqbal
AU - Saad Missen, Malik Muhammad
AU - Pasha, Maruf
AU - Coustaty, Mickael
AU - Luqman, Muhammad Muzzamil
AU - Belbachir, Faiza
AU - Mushtaq, Maria
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026.
PY - 2026/1/1
Y1 - 2026/1/1
N2 - Comic books are becoming a significant form of entertainment, instruction, and advertising on a global scale. Comics frequently use text balloons and illustrations to communicate stories. The identification of comic characters has grown to be a particularly fascinating subject of study in the field of comic analysis. For digital comic books, it enables incredibly effective indexation and comic character retrieval. For the recognition, retrieval, and indexation of comic characters, several approaches have been developed. In this research, we suggested a graph embedding approach for comic character recognition. We suggested a novel method for character recognition using graphs. Modern comic character identification techniques are assessed with our solution using standard graph-based datasets for testing. The base method presented by authors of the dataset is outperformed by our suggested methodology. The suggested method may be viewed as a solid foundational method for identifying comic book characters.
AB - Comic books are becoming a significant form of entertainment, instruction, and advertising on a global scale. Comics frequently use text balloons and illustrations to communicate stories. The identification of comic characters has grown to be a particularly fascinating subject of study in the field of comic analysis. For digital comic books, it enables incredibly effective indexation and comic character retrieval. For the recognition, retrieval, and indexation of comic characters, several approaches have been developed. In this research, we suggested a graph embedding approach for comic character recognition. We suggested a novel method for character recognition using graphs. Modern comic character identification techniques are assessed with our solution using standard graph-based datasets for testing. The base method presented by authors of the dataset is outperformed by our suggested methodology. The suggested method may be viewed as a solid foundational method for identifying comic book characters.
KW - Comic book analysis
KW - Comic recognition
KW - Deep learning
KW - Document analysis
KW - Graph embedding
KW - Graph neural networks
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105026578935
U2 - 10.1007/s10032-025-00568-0
DO - 10.1007/s10032-025-00568-0
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105026578935
SN - 1433-2833
JO - International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition
JF - International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition
ER -