Cosmogenic backgrounds in borexino at 3800 m water-equivalent depth

The solar neutrino experiment Borexino, which is located in the Gran Sasso underground laboratories, is in a unique position to study muon-induced backgrounds in an organic liquid scintillator. In this study, a large sample of cosmic muons is identified and tracked by a muon veto detector external to the liquid scintillator, and by the specific light patterns observed when muons cross the scintillator volume. The yield of muon-induced neutrons is found to be Yn = (3.10±0.11)·10^-4 n/(μ·(g/cm ²)). The distance profile between the parent muon track and the neutron capture point has the average value λ = (81.5±2.7) cm. Additionally the yields of a number of cosmogenic radioisotopes are measured for ¹²N, ¹²B, ⁸He, ⁹C, ⁹Li, ⁸B, ⁶He, ⁸Li, ¹¹Be, ¹⁰C and ¹¹C. All results are compared with Monte Carlo simulation predictions using the FLUKA and GEANT4 packages. General agreement between data and simulation is observed for the cosmogenic production yields with a few exceptions, the most prominent case being ¹¹C yield for which both codes return about 50% lower values. The predicted μ-n distance profile and the neutron multiplicity distribution are found to be overall consistent with data.