Ergodic Behavior of Non-conservative Semigroups via Generalized Doeblin’s Conditions

We provide quantitative estimates in total variation distance for positive semigroups, which can be non-conservative and non-homogeneous. The techniques relies on a family of conservative semigroups that describes a typical particle and Doeblin’s type conditions inherited from Champagnat and Villemonais (Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 164(1–2):243–283, 2016) for coupling the associated process. Our aim is to provide quantitative estimates for linear partial differential equations and we develop several applications for population dynamics in varying environment. We start with the asymptotic profile for a growth diffusion model with time and space non-homogeneity. Moreover we provide general estimates for semigroups which become asymptotically homogeneous, which are applied to an age-structured population model. Finally, we obtain a speed of convergence for periodic semigroups and new bounds in the homogeneous setting. They are illustrated on the renewal equation.