Fermi-GBM Discovery of GRB 221009A: An Extraordinarily Bright GRB from Onset to Afterglow

S. Lesage; P. Veres; M. S. Briggs; A. Goldstein; D. Kocevski; E. Burns; C. A. Wilson-Hodge; P. N. Bhat; D. Huppenkothen; C. L. Fryer; R. Hamburg; J. Racusin; E. Bissaldi; W. H. Cleveland; S. Dalessi; C. Fletcher; M. M. Giles; B. A. Hristov; C. M. Hui; B. Mailyan; C. Malacaria; S. Poolakkil; O. J. Roberts; A. von Kienlin; J. Wood; M. Ajello; M. Arimoto; L. Baldini; J. Ballet; M. G. Baring; D. Bastieri; J. Becerra Gonzalez; R. Bellazzini; E. Bissaldi; R. D. Blandford; R. Bonino; P. Bruel; S. Buson; R. A. Cameron; R. Caputo; P. A. Caraveo; E. Cavazzuti; G. Chiaro; N. Cibrario; S. Ciprini; P. Cristarella Orestano; M. Crnogorcevic; A. Cuoco; S. Cutini; F. D’Ammando; S. De Gaetano; N. Di Lalla; L. Di Venere; A. Domínguez; S. J. Fegan; E. C. Ferrara; H. Fleischhack; Y. Fukazawa; S. Funk; P. Fusco; G. Galanti; V. Gammaldi; F. Gargano; C. Gasbarra; D. Gasparrini; S. Germani; F. Giacchino; N. Giglietto; R. Gill; M. Giroletti; J. Granot; D. Green; I. A. Grenier; S. Guiriec; M. Gustafsson; E. Hays; J. W. Hewitt; D. Horan; X. Hou; M. Kuss; L. Latronico; A. Laviron; M. Lemoine-Goumard; J. Li; I. Liodakis; F. Longo; F. Loparco; L. Lorusso; M. N. Lovellette; P. Lubrano; S. Maldera; A. Manfreda; G. Martí-Devesa; M. N. Mazziotta; J. E. McEnery; I. Mereu; M. Meyer; P. F. Michelson; T. Mizuno; M. E. Monzani; A. Morselli; I. V. Moskalenko; M. Negro; E. Nuss; N. Omodei; E. Orlando; J. F. Ormes; D. Paneque; G. Panzarini; M. Persic; M. Pesce-Rollins; R. Pillera; F. Piron; H. Poon; T. A. Porter; G. Principe; S. Rainò; R. Rando; B. Rani; M. Razzano; S. Razzaque; A. Reimer; O. Reimer; F. Ryde; M. Sánchez-Conde; P. M.Saz Parkinson; L. Scotton; D. Serini; C. Sgrò; V. Sharma; E. J. Siskind; G. Spandre; P. Spinelli; H. Tajima; D. F. Torres; J. Valverde; T. Venters; Z. Wadiasingh; K. Wood; G. Zaharijas

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace5b4

Fermi-GBM Discovery of GRB 221009A: An Extraordinarily Bright GRB from Onset to Afterglow

S. Lesage
, P. Veres
, M. S. Briggs
, A. Goldstein
, D. Kocevski
, E. Burns
, C. A. Wilson-Hodge
, P. N. Bhat
, D. Huppenkothen
, C. L. Fryer
, R. Hamburg
, J. Racusin
, E. Bissaldi
, W. H. Cleveland
, S. Dalessi
, C. Fletcher
, M. M. Giles
, B. A. Hristov
, C. M. Hui
, B. Mailyan

C. Malacaria, S. Poolakkil, O. J. Roberts, A. von Kienlin, J. Wood, M. Ajello, M. Arimoto, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, M. G. Baring, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra Gonzalez, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, P. Bruel, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, E. Cavazzuti, G. Chiaro, N. Cibrario, S. Ciprini, P. Cristarella Orestano, M. Crnogorcevic, A. Cuoco, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, S. De Gaetano, N. Di Lalla, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, H. Fleischhack, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, G. Galanti, V. Gammaldi, F. Gargano, C. Gasbarra, D. Gasparrini, S. Germani, F. Giacchino, N. Giglietto, R. Gill, M. Giroletti, J. Granot, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, M. Gustafsson, E. Hays, J. W. Hewitt, D. Horan, X. Hou, M. Kuss, L. Latronico, A. Laviron, M. Lemoine-Goumard, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, L. Lorusso, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, I. Mereu, M. Meyer, P. F. Michelson, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, E. Nuss, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, G. Panzarini, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, R. Pillera, F. Piron, H. Poon, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, F. Ryde, M. Sánchez-Conde, P. M.Saz Parkinson, L. Scotton, D. Serini, C. Sgrò, V. Sharma, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, H. Tajima, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, T. Venters, Z. Wadiasingh, K. Wood, G. Zaharijas

University of Alabama in Huntsville
Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research
Universities Space Research Association
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Louisiana State University
SRON - Netherlands Institute for Space Research
MST-8, Los Alamos National Laboratory
Université Paris-Saclay
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Politecnico di Bari
INFN Sezione di Bari
Jacobs Space Exploration Group
Florida Institute of Technology
International Space Science Institute
Max Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik
Clemson University
Kanazawa University
University of Pisa
CEA/UVSQ/CNRS
Rice University
INFN
University of Padova
Research Unit; CIBERNED and Universidad de La Laguna
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa

Résultats de recherche: Contribution à un journal › Article › Revue par des pairs

Résumé

We report the discovery of GRB 221009A, the highest flux gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM). This GRB has continuous prompt emission lasting more than 600 s, which smoothly transitions to afterglow emission visible in the Fermi-GBM energy range (8 keV-40 MeV), and total energetics higher than any other burst in the Fermi-GBM sample. By using a variety of new and existing analysis techniques we probe the spectral and temporal evolution of GRB 221009A. We find no emission prior to the Fermi-GBM trigger time (t ₀; 2022 October 9 at 13:16:59.99 UTC), indicating that this is the time of prompt emission onset. The triggering pulse exhibits distinct spectral and temporal properties suggestive of the thermal, photospheric emission of shock breakout, with significant emission up to ∼15 MeV. We characterize the onset of external shock at t ₀ + 600 s and find evidence of a plateau region in the early-afterglow phase, which transitions to a slope consistent with Swift-XRT afterglow measurements. We place the total energetics of GRB 221009A in context with the rest of the Fermi-GBM sample and find that this GRB has the highest total isotropic-equivalent energy (E _γ,iso = 1.0 × 10⁵⁵ erg) and second highest isotropic-equivalent luminosity (L _γ,iso = 9.9 × 10⁵³ erg s^-1) based on its redshift of z = 0.151. These extreme energetics are what allowed us to observe the continuously emitting central engine of Fermi-GBM from the beginning of the prompt emission phase through the onset of early afterglow.

langue originale	Anglais
Numéro d'article	L42
journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	952
Numéro de publication	2
Les DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ace5b4
état	Publié - 1 août 2023

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10.3847/2041-8213/ace5b4

Contient cette citation

Lesage, S., Veres, P., Briggs, M. S., Goldstein, A., Kocevski, D., Burns, E., Wilson-Hodge, C. A., Bhat, P. N., Huppenkothen, D., Fryer, C. L., Hamburg, R., Racusin, J., Bissaldi, E., Cleveland, W. H., Dalessi, S., Fletcher, C., Giles, M. M., Hristov, B. A., Hui, C. M., ... Zaharijas, G. (2023). Fermi-GBM Discovery of GRB 221009A: An Extraordinarily Bright GRB from Onset to Afterglow. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 952(2), Article L42. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ace5b4

@article{c79389d753494a178efa28139a91487c,

title = "Fermi-GBM Discovery of GRB 221009A: An Extraordinarily Bright GRB from Onset to Afterglow",

abstract = "We report the discovery of GRB 221009A, the highest flux gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM). This GRB has continuous prompt emission lasting more than 600 s, which smoothly transitions to afterglow emission visible in the Fermi-GBM energy range (8 keV-40 MeV), and total energetics higher than any other burst in the Fermi-GBM sample. By using a variety of new and existing analysis techniques we probe the spectral and temporal evolution of GRB 221009A. We find no emission prior to the Fermi-GBM trigger time (t 0; 2022 October 9 at 13:16:59.99 UTC), indicating that this is the time of prompt emission onset. The triggering pulse exhibits distinct spectral and temporal properties suggestive of the thermal, photospheric emission of shock breakout, with significant emission up to ∼15 MeV. We characterize the onset of external shock at t 0 + 600 s and find evidence of a plateau region in the early-afterglow phase, which transitions to a slope consistent with Swift-XRT afterglow measurements. We place the total energetics of GRB 221009A in context with the rest of the Fermi-GBM sample and find that this GRB has the highest total isotropic-equivalent energy (E γ,iso = 1.0 × 1055 erg) and second highest isotropic-equivalent luminosity (L γ,iso = 9.9 × 1053 erg s-1) based on its redshift of z = 0.151. These extreme energetics are what allowed us to observe the continuously emitting central engine of Fermi-GBM from the beginning of the prompt emission phase through the onset of early afterglow.",

author = "S. Lesage and P. Veres and Briggs, \{M. S.\} and A. Goldstein and D. Kocevski and E. Burns and Wilson-Hodge, \{C. A.\} and Bhat, \{P. N.\} and D. Huppenkothen and Fryer, \{C. L.\} and R. Hamburg and J. Racusin and E. Bissaldi and Cleveland, \{W. H.\} and S. Dalessi and C. Fletcher and Giles, \{M. M.\} and Hristov, \{B. A.\} and Hui, \{C. M.\} and B. Mailyan and C. Malacaria and S. Poolakkil and Roberts, \{O. J.\} and \{von Kienlin\}, A. and J. Wood and M. Ajello and M. Arimoto and L. Baldini and J. Ballet and Baring, \{M. G.\} and D. Bastieri and Gonzalez, \{J. Becerra\} and R. Bellazzini and E. Bissaldi and Blandford, \{R. D.\} and R. Bonino and P. Bruel and S. Buson and Cameron, \{R. A.\} and R. Caputo and Caraveo, \{P. A.\} and E. Cavazzuti and G. Chiaro and N. Cibrario and S. Ciprini and Orestano, \{P. Cristarella\} and M. Crnogorcevic and A. Cuoco and S. Cutini and F. D{\textquoteright}Ammando and \{De Gaetano\}, S. and \{Di Lalla\}, N. and \{Di Venere\}, L. and A. Dom{\'i}nguez and Fegan, \{S. J.\} and Ferrara, \{E. C.\} and H. Fleischhack and Y. Fukazawa and S. Funk and P. Fusco and G. Galanti and V. Gammaldi and F. Gargano and C. Gasbarra and D. Gasparrini and S. Germani and F. Giacchino and N. Giglietto and R. Gill and M. Giroletti and J. Granot and D. Green and Grenier, \{I. A.\} and S. Guiriec and M. Gustafsson and E. Hays and Hewitt, \{J. W.\} and D. Horan and X. Hou and M. Kuss and L. Latronico and A. Laviron and M. Lemoine-Goumard and J. Li and I. Liodakis and F. Longo and F. Loparco and L. Lorusso and Lovellette, \{M. N.\} and P. Lubrano and S. Maldera and A. Manfreda and G. Mart{\'i}-Devesa and Mazziotta, \{M. N.\} and McEnery, \{J. E.\} and I. Mereu and M. Meyer and Michelson, \{P. F.\} and T. Mizuno and Monzani, \{M. E.\} and A. Morselli and Moskalenko, \{I. V.\} and M. Negro and E. Nuss and N. Omodei and E. Orlando and Ormes, \{J. F.\} and D. Paneque and G. Panzarini and M. Persic and M. Pesce-Rollins and R. Pillera and F. Piron and H. Poon and Porter, \{T. A.\} and G. Principe and S. Rain{\`o} and R. Rando and B. Rani and M. Razzano and S. Razzaque and A. Reimer and O. Reimer and F. Ryde and M. S{\'a}nchez-Conde and Parkinson, \{P. M.Saz\} and L. Scotton and D. Serini and C. Sgr{\`o} and V. Sharma and Siskind, \{E. J.\} and G. Spandre and P. Spinelli and H. Tajima and Torres, \{D. F.\} and J. Valverde and T. Venters and Z. Wadiasingh and K. Wood and G. Zaharijas",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2023",

month = aug,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/ace5b4",

language = "English",

volume = "952",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",

issn = "2041-8205",

number = "2",

}

Lesage, S, Veres, P, Briggs, MS, Goldstein, A, Kocevski, D, Burns, E, Wilson-Hodge, CA, Bhat, PN, Huppenkothen, D, Fryer, CL, Hamburg, R, Racusin, J, Bissaldi, E, Cleveland, WH, Dalessi, S, Fletcher, C, Giles, MM, Hristov, BA, Hui, CM, Mailyan, B, Malacaria, C, Poolakkil, S, Roberts, OJ, von Kienlin, A, Wood, J, Ajello, M, Arimoto, M, Baldini, L, Ballet, J, Baring, MG, Bastieri, D, Gonzalez, JB, Bellazzini, R, Bissaldi, E, Blandford, RD, Bonino, R, Bruel, P, Buson, S, Cameron, RA, Caputo, R, Caraveo, PA, Cavazzuti, E, Chiaro, G, Cibrario, N, Ciprini, S, Orestano, PC, Crnogorcevic, M, Cuoco, A, Cutini, S, D’Ammando, F, De Gaetano, S, Di Lalla, N, Di Venere, L, Domínguez, A, Fegan, SJ, Ferrara, EC, Fleischhack, H, Fukazawa, Y, Funk, S, Fusco, P, Galanti, G, Gammaldi, V, Gargano, F, Gasbarra, C, Gasparrini, D, Germani, S, Giacchino, F, Giglietto, N, Gill, R, Giroletti, M, Granot, J, Green, D, Grenier, IA, Guiriec, S, Gustafsson, M, Hays, E, Hewitt, JW, Horan, D, Hou, X, Kuss, M, Latronico, L, Laviron, A, Lemoine-Goumard, M, Li, J, Liodakis, I, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lorusso, L, Lovellette, MN, Lubrano, P, Maldera, S, Manfreda, A, Martí-Devesa, G, Mazziotta, MN, McEnery, JE, Mereu, I, Meyer, M, Michelson, PF, Mizuno, T, Monzani, ME, Morselli, A, Moskalenko, IV, Negro, M, Nuss, E, Omodei, N, Orlando, E, Ormes, JF, Paneque, D, Panzarini, G, Persic, M, Pesce-Rollins, M, Pillera, R, Piron, F, Poon, H, Porter, TA, Principe, G, Rainò, S, Rando, R, Rani, B, Razzano, M, Razzaque, S, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Ryde, F, Sánchez-Conde, M, Parkinson, PMS, Scotton, L, Serini, D, Sgrò, C, Sharma, V, Siskind, EJ, Spandre, G, Spinelli, P, Tajima, H, Torres, DF, Valverde, J, Venters, T, Wadiasingh, Z, Wood, K & Zaharijas, G 2023, 'Fermi-GBM Discovery of GRB 221009A: An Extraordinarily Bright GRB from Onset to Afterglow', Astrophysical Journal Letters, VOL. 952, Numéro 2, L42. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ace5b4

TY - JOUR

T1 - Fermi-GBM Discovery of GRB 221009A

T2 - An Extraordinarily Bright GRB from Onset to Afterglow

AU - Lesage, S.

AU - Veres, P.

AU - Briggs, M. S.

AU - Goldstein, A.

AU - Kocevski, D.

AU - Burns, E.

AU - Wilson-Hodge, C. A.

AU - Bhat, P. N.

AU - Huppenkothen, D.

AU - Fryer, C. L.

AU - Hamburg, R.

AU - Racusin, J.

AU - Bissaldi, E.

AU - Cleveland, W. H.

AU - Dalessi, S.

AU - Fletcher, C.

AU - Giles, M. M.

AU - Hristov, B. A.

AU - Hui, C. M.

AU - Mailyan, B.

AU - Malacaria, C.

AU - Poolakkil, S.

AU - Roberts, O. J.

AU - von Kienlin, A.

AU - Wood, J.

AU - Ajello, M.

AU - Arimoto, M.

AU - Baldini, L.

AU - Ballet, J.

AU - Baring, M. G.

AU - Bastieri, D.

AU - Gonzalez, J. Becerra

AU - Bellazzini, R.

AU - Bissaldi, E.

AU - Blandford, R. D.

AU - Bonino, R.

AU - Bruel, P.

AU - Buson, S.

AU - Cameron, R. A.

AU - Caputo, R.

AU - Caraveo, P. A.

AU - Cavazzuti, E.

AU - Chiaro, G.

AU - Cibrario, N.

AU - Ciprini, S.

AU - Orestano, P. Cristarella

AU - Crnogorcevic, M.

AU - Cuoco, A.

AU - Cutini, S.

AU - D’Ammando, F.

AU - De Gaetano, S.

AU - Di Lalla, N.

AU - Di Venere, L.

AU - Domínguez, A.

AU - Fegan, S. J.

AU - Ferrara, E. C.

AU - Fleischhack, H.

AU - Fukazawa, Y.

AU - Funk, S.

AU - Fusco, P.

AU - Galanti, G.

AU - Gammaldi, V.

AU - Gargano, F.

AU - Gasbarra, C.

AU - Gasparrini, D.

AU - Germani, S.

AU - Giacchino, F.

AU - Giglietto, N.

AU - Gill, R.

AU - Giroletti, M.

AU - Granot, J.

AU - Green, D.

AU - Grenier, I. A.

AU - Guiriec, S.

AU - Gustafsson, M.

AU - Hays, E.

AU - Hewitt, J. W.

AU - Horan, D.

AU - Hou, X.

AU - Kuss, M.

AU - Latronico, L.

AU - Laviron, A.

AU - Lemoine-Goumard, M.

AU - Li, J.

AU - Liodakis, I.

AU - Longo, F.

AU - Loparco, F.

AU - Lorusso, L.

AU - Lovellette, M. N.

AU - Lubrano, P.

AU - Maldera, S.

AU - Manfreda, A.

AU - Martí-Devesa, G.

AU - Mazziotta, M. N.

AU - McEnery, J. E.

AU - Mereu, I.

AU - Meyer, M.

AU - Michelson, P. F.

AU - Mizuno, T.

AU - Monzani, M. E.

AU - Morselli, A.

AU - Moskalenko, I. V.

AU - Negro, M.

AU - Nuss, E.

AU - Omodei, N.

AU - Orlando, E.

AU - Ormes, J. F.

AU - Paneque, D.

AU - Panzarini, G.

AU - Persic, M.

AU - Pesce-Rollins, M.

AU - Pillera, R.

AU - Piron, F.

AU - Poon, H.

AU - Porter, T. A.

AU - Principe, G.

AU - Rainò, S.

AU - Rando, R.

AU - Rani, B.

AU - Razzano, M.

AU - Razzaque, S.

AU - Reimer, A.

AU - Reimer, O.

AU - Ryde, F.

AU - Sánchez-Conde, M.

AU - Parkinson, P. M.Saz

AU - Scotton, L.

AU - Serini, D.

AU - Sgrò, C.

AU - Sharma, V.

AU - Siskind, E. J.

AU - Spandre, G.

AU - Spinelli, P.

AU - Tajima, H.

AU - Torres, D. F.

AU - Valverde, J.

AU - Venters, T.

AU - Wadiasingh, Z.

AU - Wood, K.

AU - Zaharijas, G.

PY - 2023/8/1

Y1 - 2023/8/1

N2 - We report the discovery of GRB 221009A, the highest flux gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM). This GRB has continuous prompt emission lasting more than 600 s, which smoothly transitions to afterglow emission visible in the Fermi-GBM energy range (8 keV-40 MeV), and total energetics higher than any other burst in the Fermi-GBM sample. By using a variety of new and existing analysis techniques we probe the spectral and temporal evolution of GRB 221009A. We find no emission prior to the Fermi-GBM trigger time (t 0; 2022 October 9 at 13:16:59.99 UTC), indicating that this is the time of prompt emission onset. The triggering pulse exhibits distinct spectral and temporal properties suggestive of the thermal, photospheric emission of shock breakout, with significant emission up to ∼15 MeV. We characterize the onset of external shock at t 0 + 600 s and find evidence of a plateau region in the early-afterglow phase, which transitions to a slope consistent with Swift-XRT afterglow measurements. We place the total energetics of GRB 221009A in context with the rest of the Fermi-GBM sample and find that this GRB has the highest total isotropic-equivalent energy (E γ,iso = 1.0 × 1055 erg) and second highest isotropic-equivalent luminosity (L γ,iso = 9.9 × 1053 erg s-1) based on its redshift of z = 0.151. These extreme energetics are what allowed us to observe the continuously emitting central engine of Fermi-GBM from the beginning of the prompt emission phase through the onset of early afterglow.

AB - We report the discovery of GRB 221009A, the highest flux gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM). This GRB has continuous prompt emission lasting more than 600 s, which smoothly transitions to afterglow emission visible in the Fermi-GBM energy range (8 keV-40 MeV), and total energetics higher than any other burst in the Fermi-GBM sample. By using a variety of new and existing analysis techniques we probe the spectral and temporal evolution of GRB 221009A. We find no emission prior to the Fermi-GBM trigger time (t 0; 2022 October 9 at 13:16:59.99 UTC), indicating that this is the time of prompt emission onset. The triggering pulse exhibits distinct spectral and temporal properties suggestive of the thermal, photospheric emission of shock breakout, with significant emission up to ∼15 MeV. We characterize the onset of external shock at t 0 + 600 s and find evidence of a plateau region in the early-afterglow phase, which transitions to a slope consistent with Swift-XRT afterglow measurements. We place the total energetics of GRB 221009A in context with the rest of the Fermi-GBM sample and find that this GRB has the highest total isotropic-equivalent energy (E γ,iso = 1.0 × 1055 erg) and second highest isotropic-equivalent luminosity (L γ,iso = 9.9 × 1053 erg s-1) based on its redshift of z = 0.151. These extreme energetics are what allowed us to observe the continuously emitting central engine of Fermi-GBM from the beginning of the prompt emission phase through the onset of early afterglow.

U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/ace5b4

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/ace5b4

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85167911401

SN - 2041-8205

VL - 952

JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters

IS - 2

M1 - L42

ER -

Fermi-GBM Discovery of GRB 221009A: An Extraordinarily Bright GRB from Onset to Afterglow

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