First D+D neutron image at the National Ignition Facility

First time-integrated neutron images of a deuterium gas filled capsule were obtained using arrival time gating with the Neutron Imaging System at the National Ignition Facility. Images exist from DT (deuterium and tritium mixture) filled capsules in several energy bands but only at the Omega laser had DD (pure deuterium) filled capsules been imaged. A composite image was derived from an assembly of multiple penumbral neutron images using an iterative Maximum Likelihood reconstruction technique. This was compared with a simulated image from a radiation-hydrodynamic calculation. The observed image size, and shape agree, as do the primary DD, secondary DT neutron yields, and the burn duration. However, the observed cross-sectional profiles, although smaller in half width, extend outside the calculated, suggesting that deuterium has mixed outward into the carbon ablator. The observed X-ray image size (61 μm) is larger than the observed neutron image (51 μm). The calculations also reflect this. X-ray brightness includes carbon as well as deuterium emission. A bright spot, "meteor," in the X-ray image is seen to move in time-gated images, but is not evident in the neutron image. It does not appear to degrade the neutron yield.